Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil

The lubrication performance of the cylinder liner–piston ring (CLPR) is crucial for the energy efficiency and operating reliability of marine diesel engines. To enhance the boundary lubrication of marine engine oil, a 1,3-diketone fluid HPTD (1-(4-hexylphenyl) tridecane-1,3-dione, HPTD) was introduc...

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Main Authors: Yuwen Xu, Yan Yang, Li Zhong, Xingyuan Jing, Xiaoyu Yin, Tao Xia, Jingsi Wang, Tobias Amann, Ke Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Lubricants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/252
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author Yuwen Xu
Yan Yang
Li Zhong
Xingyuan Jing
Xiaoyu Yin
Tao Xia
Jingsi Wang
Tobias Amann
Ke Li
author_facet Yuwen Xu
Yan Yang
Li Zhong
Xingyuan Jing
Xiaoyu Yin
Tao Xia
Jingsi Wang
Tobias Amann
Ke Li
author_sort Yuwen Xu
collection DOAJ
description The lubrication performance of the cylinder liner–piston ring (CLPR) is crucial for the energy efficiency and operating reliability of marine diesel engines. To enhance the boundary lubrication of marine engine oil, a 1,3-diketone fluid HPTD (1-(4-hexylphenyl) tridecane-1,3-dione, HPTD) was introduced as an ash-free friction modifier. Besides that, octadecylamine-functionalized nanocopper particles (ODA-Cu) were also added to the marine oil to improve its anti-wear behavior. Through cylinder-on-disk friction tests, the appropriate contents of HPTD and ODA-Cu were determined, which then formed hybrid additives and modified the engine oil. The tribological performance of the modified oil was analyzed under various normal loads, reciprocating frequencies, and testing temperatures. Based on the synergy of the tribochemical reaction of HPTD and the mending effect of ODA-Cu on the sliding surface, the modified oil not only had lower sulfated ash content but also exhibited superior lubrication performance (i.e., reduced coefficient of friction by 15%, smaller wear track by 43%, and higher maximum non-seizure load by 11%) than the pristine engine oil. The results of this study would be helpful for the design of novel hybrid eco-friendly additives for marine engine oil.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2075-4442
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Lubricants
spelling doaj-art-9200038cc4e24319ab07365322e4a4bc2025-08-20T02:21:03ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422025-06-0113625210.3390/lubricants13060252Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine OilYuwen Xu0Yan Yang1Li Zhong2Xingyuan Jing3Xiaoyu Yin4Tao Xia5Jingsi Wang6Tobias Amann7Ke Li8School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaSchool of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaSchool of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMarine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaFraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, 79108 Freiburg, GermanySchool of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, ChinaThe lubrication performance of the cylinder liner–piston ring (CLPR) is crucial for the energy efficiency and operating reliability of marine diesel engines. To enhance the boundary lubrication of marine engine oil, a 1,3-diketone fluid HPTD (1-(4-hexylphenyl) tridecane-1,3-dione, HPTD) was introduced as an ash-free friction modifier. Besides that, octadecylamine-functionalized nanocopper particles (ODA-Cu) were also added to the marine oil to improve its anti-wear behavior. Through cylinder-on-disk friction tests, the appropriate contents of HPTD and ODA-Cu were determined, which then formed hybrid additives and modified the engine oil. The tribological performance of the modified oil was analyzed under various normal loads, reciprocating frequencies, and testing temperatures. Based on the synergy of the tribochemical reaction of HPTD and the mending effect of ODA-Cu on the sliding surface, the modified oil not only had lower sulfated ash content but also exhibited superior lubrication performance (i.e., reduced coefficient of friction by 15%, smaller wear track by 43%, and higher maximum non-seizure load by 11%) than the pristine engine oil. The results of this study would be helpful for the design of novel hybrid eco-friendly additives for marine engine oil.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/252marine engine oilcylinder liner–piston ringboundary lubrication1,3-diketone fluidnanocopper particles
spellingShingle Yuwen Xu
Yan Yang
Li Zhong
Xingyuan Jing
Xiaoyu Yin
Tao Xia
Jingsi Wang
Tobias Amann
Ke Li
Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil
Lubricants
marine engine oil
cylinder liner–piston ring
boundary lubrication
1,3-diketone fluid
nanocopper particles
title Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil
title_full Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil
title_fullStr Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil
title_short Hybrid Additives of 1,3-Diketone Fluid and Nanocopper Particles Applied in Marine Engine Oil
title_sort hybrid additives of 1 3 diketone fluid and nanocopper particles applied in marine engine oil
topic marine engine oil
cylinder liner–piston ring
boundary lubrication
1,3-diketone fluid
nanocopper particles
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/252
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