Hematological Changes and Immunomodulation of Neutrophil and Monocyte Populations in Shelter Dogs

Environmental impact plays a pivotal role in forming the welfare of shelter dogs exposed to chronic stress. Standard methods of animal health monitoring, such as psychological evaluation or cortisol measurements, do not fully reflect modulation of the immune system. Functional cellular changes may b...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marek Kulka, Iwona Monika Szopa, Maciej Klockiewicz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1988
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