Assessing salivary cortisol and testosterone as non-invasive biomarkers for GnRH-immunocastration efficiency in heavy pigs

Assessing salivary cortisol and testosterone as non-invasive biomarkers for GnRH-immunocastration efficiency in heavy pigs

Abstract Background Efforts to enhance animal welfare have led to the investigation of alternative methods of performing surgical castration on young pigs that induce stress and anxiety. This study was conducted to establish the efficacy of immunocastration in heavy pigs, with non-invasive diagnosti...

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Main Authors: E. Atallah, G. Pesenti Rossi, J. F. Soares Filipe, E. Dalla Costa, S. M. Mazzola, M. Minero, A. Pecile, A. Motta, S. Barbieri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Animal welfare
Immunocastration
Heavy pig
Salivary testosterone
Salivary cortisol
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04708-w
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04708-w

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