Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018

BackgroundThe 2025–30 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee has recommended moving pulses to the Protein Foods Group and listing them ahead of meat, poultry, and eggs. The recommended amounts went up from 1.5 to 2.5 cups/week per 2,000 kcal daily.ObjectiveTo track temporal trends in pulse consump...

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Main Authors: Adam Drewnowski, Catherine Zavela, Vanessa Tran, Greeshma Mallya, Zach Conrad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1638519/full
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author Adam Drewnowski
Adam Drewnowski
Catherine Zavela
Vanessa Tran
Greeshma Mallya
Zach Conrad
Zach Conrad
author_facet Adam Drewnowski
Adam Drewnowski
Catherine Zavela
Vanessa Tran
Greeshma Mallya
Zach Conrad
Zach Conrad
author_sort Adam Drewnowski
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe 2025–30 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee has recommended moving pulses to the Protein Foods Group and listing them ahead of meat, poultry, and eggs. The recommended amounts went up from 1.5 to 2.5 cups/week per 2,000 kcal daily.ObjectiveTo track temporal trends in pulse consumption in the US from 1999 to 2018 by consumer socio-demographics and by pulse type.MethodsDietary intakes data came from 10 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2018). Adult participants were stratified by sex, age group, income to poverty ratio (IPR), education, and race/ethnicity Pulses were separated into beans, chickpeas, peas, and lentils. Analyses were conducted for the whole sample (n = 48,738) and for pulse consumers (n = 9,186). Trend analyses were based on linear regression models.ResultsAcross all years tested, only 17.2% of NHANES participants consumed any pulses on a given day. Mean prevalence was highest among Mexican Americans (33.3%) and lowest among non-Hispanic Black groups (12.0%). Consumption prevalence dropped after 1999–2000 but recovered after 2007–08. Mean consumption of cooked pulses was 0.39 oz/day overall and 2.26 oz/day among consumers. Higher amounts were consumed by Mexican Americans, men, and groups with lower education and incomes. In 2017–2018, 19.9% of the population consumed 1.5 cups/week of cooked pulses and 10.9% consumed 2.5 cups/week. Beans were the most consumed pulse followed by lentils, chickpeas, and peas. Unlike beans, both lentils and chickpeas were associated with higher socioeconomic status.ConclusionOther than among Mexican Americans, pulse consumption in the US was low and was associated with lower education and incomes. However, pulse consumers consumed substantial amounts. Lentils and chickpeas may represent opportunities for increasing pulse consumption. The present findings are relevant to the implementation of the 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and can help target the promotion of pulses among population subgroups.
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spelling doaj-art-8f174bba4cff41b9b5081716f9eba53c2025-08-21T04:10:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-08-011210.3389/fnut.2025.16385191638519Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018Adam Drewnowski0Adam Drewnowski1Catherine Zavela2Vanessa Tran3Greeshma Mallya4Zach Conrad5Zach Conrad6Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesFood Systems, Nutrition and Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesGlobal Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United StatesFood Systems, Nutrition and Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesFood Systems, Nutrition and Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesGlobal Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United StatesDepartment of Health Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United StatesBackgroundThe 2025–30 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee has recommended moving pulses to the Protein Foods Group and listing them ahead of meat, poultry, and eggs. The recommended amounts went up from 1.5 to 2.5 cups/week per 2,000 kcal daily.ObjectiveTo track temporal trends in pulse consumption in the US from 1999 to 2018 by consumer socio-demographics and by pulse type.MethodsDietary intakes data came from 10 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2018). Adult participants were stratified by sex, age group, income to poverty ratio (IPR), education, and race/ethnicity Pulses were separated into beans, chickpeas, peas, and lentils. Analyses were conducted for the whole sample (n = 48,738) and for pulse consumers (n = 9,186). Trend analyses were based on linear regression models.ResultsAcross all years tested, only 17.2% of NHANES participants consumed any pulses on a given day. Mean prevalence was highest among Mexican Americans (33.3%) and lowest among non-Hispanic Black groups (12.0%). Consumption prevalence dropped after 1999–2000 but recovered after 2007–08. Mean consumption of cooked pulses was 0.39 oz/day overall and 2.26 oz/day among consumers. Higher amounts were consumed by Mexican Americans, men, and groups with lower education and incomes. In 2017–2018, 19.9% of the population consumed 1.5 cups/week of cooked pulses and 10.9% consumed 2.5 cups/week. Beans were the most consumed pulse followed by lentils, chickpeas, and peas. Unlike beans, both lentils and chickpeas were associated with higher socioeconomic status.ConclusionOther than among Mexican Americans, pulse consumption in the US was low and was associated with lower education and incomes. However, pulse consumers consumed substantial amounts. Lentils and chickpeas may represent opportunities for increasing pulse consumption. The present findings are relevant to the implementation of the 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and can help target the promotion of pulses among population subgroups.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1638519/fullpulsesNHANES 1999–2018educationincomesMexican Americans2025–30 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC)
spellingShingle Adam Drewnowski
Adam Drewnowski
Catherine Zavela
Vanessa Tran
Greeshma Mallya
Zach Conrad
Zach Conrad
Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018
Frontiers in Nutrition
pulses
NHANES 1999–2018
education
incomes
Mexican Americans
2025–30 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC)
title Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018
title_full Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018
title_fullStr Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018
title_full_unstemmed Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018
title_short Pulse consumption trends in the US in the context of 2025–30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: analyses of NHANES data for 1999–2018
title_sort pulse consumption trends in the us in the context of 2025 30 dietary guidelines for americans analyses of nhanes data for 1999 2018
topic pulses
NHANES 1999–2018
education
incomes
Mexican Americans
2025–30 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC)
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1638519/full
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