Differences in dogs’ and wolves’ human-directed greeting behaviour: facial expressions, body language, and the problem of human biases

Abstract Dogs and wolves communicate effectively with humans, yet differences in their human-directed facial expressions and the role of relationship strength in shaping these behaviours remain poorly understood. This study explored the facial expressions of human-socialized wolves and dogs when gre...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Svenja Capitain, Gwendolyn Wirobski, Çağla Önsal, Giulia Pedretti, Valeria Bevilacqua, Sarah Marshall-Pescini, Friederike Range
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Animal Cognition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-025-01978-7
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