Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties

In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of deep eutectic solvents (UADES) for tea polysaccharides was optimized, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were analyzed. The optimal DES comprised choline chloride (CC) and ethylene glycol (EG) in a molar ratio of 1:3,...

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Main Authors: Haofeng Gu, Lei Liang, Yang Wei, Jiahao Wang, Yibo Ma, Jiaxin Shi, Bao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2601
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author Haofeng Gu
Lei Liang
Yang Wei
Jiahao Wang
Yibo Ma
Jiaxin Shi
Bao Li
author_facet Haofeng Gu
Lei Liang
Yang Wei
Jiahao Wang
Yibo Ma
Jiaxin Shi
Bao Li
author_sort Haofeng Gu
collection DOAJ
description In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of deep eutectic solvents (UADES) for tea polysaccharides was optimized, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were analyzed. The optimal DES comprised choline chloride (CC) and ethylene glycol (EG) in a molar ratio of 1:3, with a water content of 40%. The optimized condition was an extraction temperature of 61 °C, an ultrasonic power of 480 W, and an extraction time of 60 min. The UADES extraction rate of polysaccharides (ERP) was 15.89 ± 0.13%, significantly exceeding that of hot water (HW) extraction. The polysaccharide content in the UADES-extracted tea polysaccharides (UADESTPs) was comparable to that of hot-water-extracted tea polysaccharides (HWTPs) (75.47 ± 1.35% vs. 74.08 ± 2.51%); the UADESTPs contained more uronic acid (8.35 ± 0.26%) and less protein (12.91%) than HWTP. Most of the UADESTPs (88.87%) had molecular weights (Mw) below 1.80 × 10<sup>3</sup> Da. The UADESTPs contained trehalose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose, and glucose, with molar ratios of 8:16:1:10. The free radical scavenging rate and total reducing power of the UADESTPs were markedly superior to those of the HWTPs. Moreover, the UADESTPs had a better alleviating effect on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. This study develops an eco-friendly and efficient extraction method for tea polysaccharides, offering new insights for the development of tea polysaccharides.
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spelling doaj-art-8ee4a34be8ab413896c0083500e548f02025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011415260110.3390/foods14152601Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant PropertiesHaofeng Gu0Lei Liang1Yang Wei2Jiahao Wang3Yibo Ma4Jiaxin Shi5Bao Li6School of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, ChinaSchool of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, ChinaSchool of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, ChinaSchool of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, ChinaSchool of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, ChinaIn this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of deep eutectic solvents (UADES) for tea polysaccharides was optimized, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were analyzed. The optimal DES comprised choline chloride (CC) and ethylene glycol (EG) in a molar ratio of 1:3, with a water content of 40%. The optimized condition was an extraction temperature of 61 °C, an ultrasonic power of 480 W, and an extraction time of 60 min. The UADES extraction rate of polysaccharides (ERP) was 15.89 ± 0.13%, significantly exceeding that of hot water (HW) extraction. The polysaccharide content in the UADES-extracted tea polysaccharides (UADESTPs) was comparable to that of hot-water-extracted tea polysaccharides (HWTPs) (75.47 ± 1.35% vs. 74.08 ± 2.51%); the UADESTPs contained more uronic acid (8.35 ± 0.26%) and less protein (12.91%) than HWTP. Most of the UADESTPs (88.87%) had molecular weights (Mw) below 1.80 × 10<sup>3</sup> Da. The UADESTPs contained trehalose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose, and glucose, with molar ratios of 8:16:1:10. The free radical scavenging rate and total reducing power of the UADESTPs were markedly superior to those of the HWTPs. Moreover, the UADESTPs had a better alleviating effect on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. This study develops an eco-friendly and efficient extraction method for tea polysaccharides, offering new insights for the development of tea polysaccharides.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2601deep eutectic solventspolysaccharidesultrasonicsteaoxidative stress
spellingShingle Haofeng Gu
Lei Liang
Yang Wei
Jiahao Wang
Yibo Ma
Jiaxin Shi
Bao Li
Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties
Foods
deep eutectic solvents
polysaccharides
ultrasonics
tea
oxidative stress
title Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties
title_full Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties
title_fullStr Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties
title_full_unstemmed Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties
title_short Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties
title_sort green extraction of tea polysaccharides using ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvents and an analysis of their physicochemical and antioxidant properties
topic deep eutectic solvents
polysaccharides
ultrasonics
tea
oxidative stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2601
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