Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study

BackgroundReal-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises when morbidities and demographics are associa...

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Main Authors: Elizabeth AK Rowley, Patrick K Mitchell, Duck-Hye Yang, Ned Lewis, Brian E Dixon, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, William F Fadel, Inih J Essien, Allison L Naleway, Edward Stenehjem, Toan C Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Karthik Natarajan, Peter Embi, Ryan E Wiegand, Ruth Link-Gelles, Mark W Tenforde, Bruce Fireman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-01-01
Series:JMIR Formative Research
Online Access:https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e58981
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