Energy Management of a Semi-Autonomous Truck Using a Blended Multiple Model Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Recently, the electrification and automation of heavy-duty trucks has gained significant attention from both industry and academia, driven by new legislation introduced by the European Union. During a typical drive cycle, the mass of an urban service truck can vary substantially as waste is collecte...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mohammad Ghazali, Ishaan Gupta, Kemal Buyukkabasakal, Mohamed Amine Ben Abdallah, Caner Harman, Berfin Kahraman, Ahu Ece Hartavi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2893
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