Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions
In large urban areas, the estimation of vehicular traffic emissions is commonly based on the outputs of transport planning models, such as Static Traffic Assignment (STA) models. However, such models, being used in a strategic context, imply some important simplifications regarding the variation of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advanced Transportation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5401792 |
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| author | Nikolaos Tsanakas Joakim Ekström Johan Olstam |
| author_facet | Nikolaos Tsanakas Joakim Ekström Johan Olstam |
| author_sort | Nikolaos Tsanakas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In large urban areas, the estimation of vehicular traffic emissions is commonly based on the outputs of transport planning models, such as Static Traffic Assignment (STA) models. However, such models, being used in a strategic context, imply some important simplifications regarding the variation of traffic conditions, and their outputs are heavily aggregated in time. In addition, dynamic traffic flow phenomena, such as queue spillback, cannot be captured, leading to inaccurate modelling of congestion. As congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, using STA may lead to unreliable emission estimations. The first objective of this paper is to identify the errors that STA models introduce into an emission estimation. Then, considering the type and the nature of the errors, our aim is to suggest potential solutions. According to our findings, the main errors are related to STA inability of accurately modelling the level and the location of congestion. For this reason, we suggest and evaluate the postprocessing of STA outputs through quasidynamic network loading. Then, we evaluate our suggested approach using the HBEFA emission factors and a 19 km long motorway segment in Stockholm as a case study. Although, in terms of total emissions, the differences compared to the simple static case are not so vital, the postprocessor performs better regarding the spatial distribution of emissions. Considering the location-specific effects of traffic emissions, the latter may lead to substantial improvements in applications of emission modelling such as dispersion, air quality, and exposure modelling. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e915d47926a46038e8de74952bf1f15 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0197-6729 2042-3195 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Transportation |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e915d47926a46038e8de74952bf1f152025-02-03T01:04:41ZengWileyJournal of Advanced Transportation0197-67292042-31952020-01-01202010.1155/2020/54017925401792Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and SolutionsNikolaos Tsanakas0Joakim Ekström1Johan Olstam2Communications and Transport Systems, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601 74, SwedenCommunications and Transport Systems, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601 74, SwedenCommunications and Transport Systems, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-601 74, SwedenIn large urban areas, the estimation of vehicular traffic emissions is commonly based on the outputs of transport planning models, such as Static Traffic Assignment (STA) models. However, such models, being used in a strategic context, imply some important simplifications regarding the variation of traffic conditions, and their outputs are heavily aggregated in time. In addition, dynamic traffic flow phenomena, such as queue spillback, cannot be captured, leading to inaccurate modelling of congestion. As congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, using STA may lead to unreliable emission estimations. The first objective of this paper is to identify the errors that STA models introduce into an emission estimation. Then, considering the type and the nature of the errors, our aim is to suggest potential solutions. According to our findings, the main errors are related to STA inability of accurately modelling the level and the location of congestion. For this reason, we suggest and evaluate the postprocessing of STA outputs through quasidynamic network loading. Then, we evaluate our suggested approach using the HBEFA emission factors and a 19 km long motorway segment in Stockholm as a case study. Although, in terms of total emissions, the differences compared to the simple static case are not so vital, the postprocessor performs better regarding the spatial distribution of emissions. Considering the location-specific effects of traffic emissions, the latter may lead to substantial improvements in applications of emission modelling such as dispersion, air quality, and exposure modelling.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5401792 |
| spellingShingle | Nikolaos Tsanakas Joakim Ekström Johan Olstam Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions Journal of Advanced Transportation |
| title | Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions |
| title_full | Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions |
| title_fullStr | Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions |
| title_short | Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions |
| title_sort | estimating emissions from static traffic models problems and solutions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5401792 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nikolaostsanakas estimatingemissionsfromstatictrafficmodelsproblemsandsolutions AT joakimekstrom estimatingemissionsfromstatictrafficmodelsproblemsandsolutions AT johanolstam estimatingemissionsfromstatictrafficmodelsproblemsandsolutions |