In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions
Abstract Background and objectives Different methods to simulate plaque in order to test the efficacy of oral cleaning methods have been published. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing models and to highlight their respective benefits and limitations. Material and methods...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05558-6 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832571249700634624 |
|---|---|
| author | Johannes Herzog Jelena Karacic Leonardo Svellenti Philipp Sahrmann |
| author_facet | Johannes Herzog Jelena Karacic Leonardo Svellenti Philipp Sahrmann |
| author_sort | Johannes Herzog |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background and objectives Different methods to simulate plaque in order to test the efficacy of oral cleaning methods have been published. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing models and to highlight their respective benefits and limitations. Material and methods Following the recommended scoping review methodology the scientific literature was systematically searched electronically (PubMed and Scopus) and by hand search up to July 2024, using combinations of search items related to oral plaque simulation, periodontitis or peri-implantitis. Retrieved study titles and abstracts were screened for possible inclusion. Finally, data from included fulltexts was extracted by two independent reviewers. Nine different characteristics for proper plaque simulation method were defined and each existing method evaluated and rated accordingly, and an overall rating was calculated for each method. Results Initially, 1787 records were identified. After abstract and title screening and fulltext revision, 25 fulltexts describing 7 different simulation methods, were included. The assessed methods of simulation were ink (12), varnish (5), calcium phosphate (1), calcium carbonate (1), occlusal spray (3), aluminum (1), commercially distributed and prepared artificial plaque (2). Even though some materials achieved good results in the assessment for individual criteria like water solubility, big differences could be found concerning practicability and production time, no simulation method was rated "very good" or even "good" in the overall evaluation. While ink and varnish were considered simulation materials of moderate quality for oral plaque simulation, all other techniques were assessed as weak simulation materials. Conclusion Among the different published methods for the simulation of mechanical plaque removal, none seems to sufficiently simulate the essential characteristics of oral plaque, while some simulation methods may be useful to feature single properties of plaque in in-vitro studies sufficiently. Nevertheless, advanced models reflecting the diverse features of dental plaque more comprehensively are needed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e7b08e3fe104ea5b7dadd76599bd49a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e7b08e3fe104ea5b7dadd76599bd49a2025-02-02T12:45:11ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-02-0125111410.1186/s12903-025-05558-6In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directionsJohannes Herzog0Jelena Karacic1Leonardo Svellenti2Philipp Sahrmann3Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselDepartment of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselDepartment of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselDepartment of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselAbstract Background and objectives Different methods to simulate plaque in order to test the efficacy of oral cleaning methods have been published. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing models and to highlight their respective benefits and limitations. Material and methods Following the recommended scoping review methodology the scientific literature was systematically searched electronically (PubMed and Scopus) and by hand search up to July 2024, using combinations of search items related to oral plaque simulation, periodontitis or peri-implantitis. Retrieved study titles and abstracts were screened for possible inclusion. Finally, data from included fulltexts was extracted by two independent reviewers. Nine different characteristics for proper plaque simulation method were defined and each existing method evaluated and rated accordingly, and an overall rating was calculated for each method. Results Initially, 1787 records were identified. After abstract and title screening and fulltext revision, 25 fulltexts describing 7 different simulation methods, were included. The assessed methods of simulation were ink (12), varnish (5), calcium phosphate (1), calcium carbonate (1), occlusal spray (3), aluminum (1), commercially distributed and prepared artificial plaque (2). Even though some materials achieved good results in the assessment for individual criteria like water solubility, big differences could be found concerning practicability and production time, no simulation method was rated "very good" or even "good" in the overall evaluation. While ink and varnish were considered simulation materials of moderate quality for oral plaque simulation, all other techniques were assessed as weak simulation materials. Conclusion Among the different published methods for the simulation of mechanical plaque removal, none seems to sufficiently simulate the essential characteristics of oral plaque, while some simulation methods may be useful to feature single properties of plaque in in-vitro studies sufficiently. Nevertheless, advanced models reflecting the diverse features of dental plaque more comprehensively are needed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05558-6Oral hygieneIn vitro modelDental plaqueBiofilmPeriodontitisPeri-implantitis |
| spellingShingle | Johannes Herzog Jelena Karacic Leonardo Svellenti Philipp Sahrmann In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions BMC Oral Health Oral hygiene In vitro model Dental plaque Biofilm Periodontitis Peri-implantitis |
| title | In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions |
| title_full | In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions |
| title_fullStr | In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions |
| title_short | In-vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal: a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions |
| title_sort | in vitro simulation methods for mechanical plaque removal a systematic scoping review of current techniques and future directions |
| topic | Oral hygiene In vitro model Dental plaque Biofilm Periodontitis Peri-implantitis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05558-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johannesherzog invitrosimulationmethodsformechanicalplaqueremovalasystematicscopingreviewofcurrenttechniquesandfuturedirections AT jelenakaracic invitrosimulationmethodsformechanicalplaqueremovalasystematicscopingreviewofcurrenttechniquesandfuturedirections AT leonardosvellenti invitrosimulationmethodsformechanicalplaqueremovalasystematicscopingreviewofcurrenttechniquesandfuturedirections AT philippsahrmann invitrosimulationmethodsformechanicalplaqueremovalasystematicscopingreviewofcurrenttechniquesandfuturedirections |