Effects of Flight Restraint and Housing Conditions on Feather Corticosterone in White Storks Under Human Care

Effects of Flight Restraint and Housing Conditions on Feather Corticosterone in White Storks Under Human Care

Flight is part of the natural behaviours of most bird species, and as a consequence, flight restraint in zoos, even for those species that are primarily ground-dwelling, encounters increasing animal welfare concerns. While previous studies on greater flamingos (<i>Phoenicopterus roseus</i&g...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Frederike Liermann, Katrin Baumgartner, Ralph Simon, Hermann Will, Lorenzo von Fersen, Roswitha Merle, Christa Thöne-Reineke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
white stork
feather corticosterone
animal welfare
flight restraint
zoological institutions
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1878
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