An Optimal Integral Fast Terminal Synergetic Control Scheme for a Grid-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Grid Battery Electric Vehicle Charger Based on the Black-Winged Kite Algorithm

The utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown significantly and continuously in recent years, encouraging the creation of new implementation opportunities. The battery electric vehicle (BEV) charging system can be effectively used during peak load periods, for voltage regulation, and for the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ishak Aris, Yanis Sadou, Abdelbaset Laib
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3397
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