Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP) and neurological dysfunction, contributing significantly to disability-adjusted life years globally. The progression of IDD is driven by excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, which disrupt t...

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Main Authors: Yifan Ding, Fan Li, Yunyun Wang, Weizhen Pan, Xiangning Fu, Songwei Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/3/313
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author Yifan Ding
Fan Li
Yunyun Wang
Weizhen Pan
Xiangning Fu
Songwei Tan
author_facet Yifan Ding
Fan Li
Yunyun Wang
Weizhen Pan
Xiangning Fu
Songwei Tan
author_sort Yifan Ding
collection DOAJ
description Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP) and neurological dysfunction, contributing significantly to disability-adjusted life years globally. The progression of IDD is driven by excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, which disrupt the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and IDD. Current treatment options, such as conservative therapy and surgical intervention, are limited in halting the disease progression and often exacerbate degeneration in adjacent discs. This review highlights the challenges in treating IDD, particularly due to the limited drug delivery efficiency to the intervertebral disc (IVD). It explores the potential of nanobiomedicine and various nanomaterial-based delivery systems, including nanoparticles, microspheres, gene-nanocomplexes, fullerene, exosomes, and nanomaterial-composite hydrogels. These advanced delivery systems can enhance targeted drug delivery, improve local drug concentration, and sustain drug retention within the IVD, offering promising therapeutic strategies to address IDD. The review also examines the therapeutic effects of these nanomaterials on IDD, focusing on their impact on metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and stem cell migration and differentiation, aiming to provide innovative strategies for intervertebral disc regeneration.
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spelling doaj-art-8c004976cb7145a590f366f483ddefb72025-08-20T02:42:24ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-02-0117331310.3390/pharmaceutics17030313Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to BedsideYifan Ding0Fan Li1Yunyun Wang2Weizhen Pan3Xiangning Fu4Songwei Tan5Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430030, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, ChinaIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP) and neurological dysfunction, contributing significantly to disability-adjusted life years globally. The progression of IDD is driven by excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, which disrupt the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and IDD. Current treatment options, such as conservative therapy and surgical intervention, are limited in halting the disease progression and often exacerbate degeneration in adjacent discs. This review highlights the challenges in treating IDD, particularly due to the limited drug delivery efficiency to the intervertebral disc (IVD). It explores the potential of nanobiomedicine and various nanomaterial-based delivery systems, including nanoparticles, microspheres, gene-nanocomplexes, fullerene, exosomes, and nanomaterial-composite hydrogels. These advanced delivery systems can enhance targeted drug delivery, improve local drug concentration, and sustain drug retention within the IVD, offering promising therapeutic strategies to address IDD. The review also examines the therapeutic effects of these nanomaterials on IDD, focusing on their impact on metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and stem cell migration and differentiation, aiming to provide innovative strategies for intervertebral disc regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/3/313intervertebral disc degenerationnanomedicinedrug deliveryinflammationregenerative medicine
spellingShingle Yifan Ding
Fan Li
Yunyun Wang
Weizhen Pan
Xiangning Fu
Songwei Tan
Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside
Pharmaceutics
intervertebral disc degeneration
nanomedicine
drug delivery
inflammation
regenerative medicine
title Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside
title_full Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside
title_fullStr Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside
title_full_unstemmed Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside
title_short Nanomedicine Approaches for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: From Bench to Bedside
title_sort nanomedicine approaches for intervertebral disc regeneration from bench to bedside
topic intervertebral disc degeneration
nanomedicine
drug delivery
inflammation
regenerative medicine
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/3/313
work_keys_str_mv AT yifanding nanomedicineapproachesforintervertebraldiscregenerationfrombenchtobedside
AT fanli nanomedicineapproachesforintervertebraldiscregenerationfrombenchtobedside
AT yunyunwang nanomedicineapproachesforintervertebraldiscregenerationfrombenchtobedside
AT weizhenpan nanomedicineapproachesforintervertebraldiscregenerationfrombenchtobedside
AT xiangningfu nanomedicineapproachesforintervertebraldiscregenerationfrombenchtobedside
AT songweitan nanomedicineapproachesforintervertebraldiscregenerationfrombenchtobedside