Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation
Abstract After spinal cord injury (SCI), mechanical unloading, denervation, as well as negative changes in blood supply, inflammation state, and hormone levels produce significant negative effects on bone density, leading to a high prevalence of osteoporosis after SCI. It has been recently discovere...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05415-2 |
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| author | Jing Liu Jingyi Yang Qi Wu Zixuan Fang Tong Wang Zun Wang Daoming Xu |
| author_facet | Jing Liu Jingyi Yang Qi Wu Zixuan Fang Tong Wang Zun Wang Daoming Xu |
| author_sort | Jing Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract After spinal cord injury (SCI), mechanical unloading, denervation, as well as negative changes in blood supply, inflammation state, and hormone levels produce significant negative effects on bone density, leading to a high prevalence of osteoporosis after SCI. It has been recently discovered that skeletal bone also has endocrine functions. Osteokines, secreted from bone tissue, could play multiple roles in regulating bone density, muscle mass, glucose metabolism, and functions of the central nervous system-changes in the osteokine levels after SCI have been detected. Therefore, bone density and osteokine levels should be stressed in clinical settings. Clinical treatment measures for bone loss after SCI include exercise training, physical agent therapy, acupuncture, and so on. According to previous studies, these treatments could affect the expression levels of osteokines. In conclusion, bone loss and changes in osteokines after SCI are worthy of great attention during the rehabilitation of SCI. Osteokines could become biomarkers during SCI rehabilitation, reflecting both bone density and systemic functions. This review summarized recent findings regarding bone loss after SCI, changes in osteokines, and the effect of rehabilitation therapies, with a particular emphasis on the local and systemic regulatory roles of osteokines, as well as their potential as biomarkers during SCI rehabilitation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8bf4d4d82e3e4c0382911333496d2a58 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1749-799X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-8bf4d4d82e3e4c0382911333496d2a582025-01-19T12:32:36ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-01-012011810.1186/s13018-024-05415-2Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitationJing Liu0Jingyi Yang1Qi Wu2Zixuan Fang3Tong Wang4Zun Wang5Daoming Xu6Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineRehabilitation therapy department, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina of Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineRehabilitation Medicine School, Nanjing Medical UniversityRehabilitation therapy department, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina of Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineRehabilitation Medicine School, Nanjing Medical UniversityRehabilitation therapy department, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina of Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineAbstract After spinal cord injury (SCI), mechanical unloading, denervation, as well as negative changes in blood supply, inflammation state, and hormone levels produce significant negative effects on bone density, leading to a high prevalence of osteoporosis after SCI. It has been recently discovered that skeletal bone also has endocrine functions. Osteokines, secreted from bone tissue, could play multiple roles in regulating bone density, muscle mass, glucose metabolism, and functions of the central nervous system-changes in the osteokine levels after SCI have been detected. Therefore, bone density and osteokine levels should be stressed in clinical settings. Clinical treatment measures for bone loss after SCI include exercise training, physical agent therapy, acupuncture, and so on. According to previous studies, these treatments could affect the expression levels of osteokines. In conclusion, bone loss and changes in osteokines after SCI are worthy of great attention during the rehabilitation of SCI. Osteokines could become biomarkers during SCI rehabilitation, reflecting both bone density and systemic functions. This review summarized recent findings regarding bone loss after SCI, changes in osteokines, and the effect of rehabilitation therapies, with a particular emphasis on the local and systemic regulatory roles of osteokines, as well as their potential as biomarkers during SCI rehabilitation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05415-2Spinal cord injuryOsteokineBiomarkerRehabilitationBone loss |
| spellingShingle | Jing Liu Jingyi Yang Qi Wu Zixuan Fang Tong Wang Zun Wang Daoming Xu Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Spinal cord injury Osteokine Biomarker Rehabilitation Bone loss |
| title | Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation |
| title_full | Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation |
| title_fullStr | Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation |
| title_short | Review of osteokines in spinal cord injury: potential biomarkers during rehabilitation |
| title_sort | review of osteokines in spinal cord injury potential biomarkers during rehabilitation |
| topic | Spinal cord injury Osteokine Biomarker Rehabilitation Bone loss |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05415-2 |
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