Assessment mode and inconsistent responding on a mixed-worded scale: evidence from TIMSS 2019 across grades and countries
Understanding factors that affect inconsistent responding in mixed-worded scales is crucial for ensuring the validity of survey score outcomes. This study investigated whether the assessment mode, defined as participating either in a digital or a paper-based achievement test, was associated with the...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Education |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1595648/full |
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