The causal relationship of cigarette smoking to metabolic disease risk and the possible mediating role of gut microbiota

Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, with its associated diseases and conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that cigarette smoking contributes to a range of pathological metabolic injuries, including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)....

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jingda Zhang, Lin Hou, Shanxiang Lei, Yan Li, Guogang Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324015987
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