The causal relationship of cigarette smoking to metabolic disease risk and the possible mediating role of gut microbiota
Background: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, with its associated diseases and conditions. Emerging evidence suggests that cigarette smoking contributes to a range of pathological metabolic injuries, including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)....
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2025-01-01
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Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324015987 |
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