Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings

This study analysed the demotivating factors perceived by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners across different levels of English proficiency in a blended learning context. The analysis was conducted through a questionnaire survey undertaken by 649 EFL sophomore students with varied majors f...

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Main Authors: Wenjing Zhou, Esther Jawing, Veronica Petrus Atin, Xiaoqi Deng, Sufang Zeng, Yan Zhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825005153
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author Wenjing Zhou
Esther Jawing
Veronica Petrus Atin
Xiaoqi Deng
Sufang Zeng
Yan Zhan
author_facet Wenjing Zhou
Esther Jawing
Veronica Petrus Atin
Xiaoqi Deng
Sufang Zeng
Yan Zhan
author_sort Wenjing Zhou
collection DOAJ
description This study analysed the demotivating factors perceived by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners across different levels of English proficiency in a blended learning context. The analysis was conducted through a questionnaire survey undertaken by 649 EFL sophomore students with varied majors from a university in mid-east China. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the questionnaire items, and principal component factor analysis was performed to explore the structural validity of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to illustrate the profiles of the questionnaire items and the demotivating factors. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc multi-comparison analysis were utilised to determine whether significant differences existed among learners at different English proficiency levels regarding the demotivating factors and to determine the differences. Results revealed that an inappropriate learning environment was the greatest contributor to learners' demotivation, while loss of task value was considered the least demotivating. Moreover, low-proficiency learners were more likely to be demotivated by internal factors than high-proficiency learners, whereas high-proficient learners were more inclined to attribute their demotivation to internal factors. It is implicated that EFL educators should strategically diversify instructional content and pedagogical approaches to maintain learner immersion within blended educational settings, and that different strategies ought to be employed to enhance learning motivation for low proficient and high proficient EFL learners.
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spelling doaj-art-891a65779d3c42648dcc49f25f7ef62d2025-08-20T03:15:08ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-08-0125810520210.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105202Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settingsWenjing Zhou0Esther Jawing1Veronica Petrus Atin2Xiaoqi Deng3Sufang Zeng4Yan Zhan5School of Foreign Languages, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China; Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MalaysiaCentre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia; Corresponding authors.Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MalaysiaSchool of Foreign Languages, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaSchool of Foreign Languages, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaSchool of Foreign Languages, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China; Corresponding authors.This study analysed the demotivating factors perceived by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners across different levels of English proficiency in a blended learning context. The analysis was conducted through a questionnaire survey undertaken by 649 EFL sophomore students with varied majors from a university in mid-east China. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the questionnaire items, and principal component factor analysis was performed to explore the structural validity of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to illustrate the profiles of the questionnaire items and the demotivating factors. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc multi-comparison analysis were utilised to determine whether significant differences existed among learners at different English proficiency levels regarding the demotivating factors and to determine the differences. Results revealed that an inappropriate learning environment was the greatest contributor to learners' demotivation, while loss of task value was considered the least demotivating. Moreover, low-proficiency learners were more likely to be demotivated by internal factors than high-proficiency learners, whereas high-proficient learners were more inclined to attribute their demotivation to internal factors. It is implicated that EFL educators should strategically diversify instructional content and pedagogical approaches to maintain learner immersion within blended educational settings, and that different strategies ought to be employed to enhance learning motivation for low proficient and high proficient EFL learners.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825005153EFL learnersDemotivating factorsCollege studentsEnglish proficiencyBlended learning context
spellingShingle Wenjing Zhou
Esther Jawing
Veronica Petrus Atin
Xiaoqi Deng
Sufang Zeng
Yan Zhan
Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings
Acta Psychologica
EFL learners
Demotivating factors
College students
English proficiency
Blended learning context
title Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings
title_full Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings
title_fullStr Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings
title_full_unstemmed Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings
title_short Exploring demotivating factors among EFL learners across differing levels of English proficiency in blended learning settings
title_sort exploring demotivating factors among efl learners across differing levels of english proficiency in blended learning settings
topic EFL learners
Demotivating factors
College students
English proficiency
Blended learning context
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825005153
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