Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda

Abstract Background Insects are widely recognized as a valuable source of protein and solution to food security, particularly in developing countries like Uganda. This study documents the local knowledge and practices of edible insects consumed and perception and attitudes towards edible insects by...

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Main Authors: Martha F. Alaroker, Ronald Twongyirwe, Philip Nyeko, Francis Sengendo, Valtonen Anu, Bruno Massa, Harriet Angwech, Geoffrey M. Malinga, Sabine Van Miert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00799-9
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author Martha F. Alaroker
Ronald Twongyirwe
Philip Nyeko
Francis Sengendo
Valtonen Anu
Bruno Massa
Harriet Angwech
Geoffrey M. Malinga
Sabine Van Miert
author_facet Martha F. Alaroker
Ronald Twongyirwe
Philip Nyeko
Francis Sengendo
Valtonen Anu
Bruno Massa
Harriet Angwech
Geoffrey M. Malinga
Sabine Van Miert
author_sort Martha F. Alaroker
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Insects are widely recognized as a valuable source of protein and solution to food security, particularly in developing countries like Uganda. This study documents the local knowledge and practices of edible insects consumed and perception and attitudes towards edible insects by different ethnic groups in northern Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to January 2024 in the districts of Adjumani, Nwoya, Oyam and Zombo in northern Uganda, where 600 questionnaires which comprised of both closed and open-ended questions were administered to randomly selected respondents (60% female, 40% male) in 24 villages spread across four ethnic groups (Acholi, Langi, Alur and Madi). We aimed to find out, whether differences exist in the types of edible insects consumed and which ones were preferred based on ethnicity, age, gender and education level. Results Our study revealed that eleven edible insect’s species belonging to two orders (Orthoptera and Isoptera) and four families—Tettigoniidae, Termitidae, Gryllotalpidae and Acrididae were consumed as food among the Acholi, Alur, Madi and Langi. These species include: Ruspolia differens, Locusta migratoria, Kraussaria angulifera, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes michaelseni, Pseudacanthotermes militaris, Syntermes spp. soldiers, Lanista varelai and Gryllotalpa africana. L. varelai, locally known as ‘Ocene-labolo’ in Acholi, is reported as edible insect for the first time. Additionally, one unidentified edible insect, locally known as ‘Mumu’ in Alur or ‘Lakwinyekimo’ in Acholi, was reported to be used as food. Preference for edible insects varied among the ethnic groups, with R. differens being the most preferred among Alur (85%) and Acholi (41%). Conversely, M. subhyalinus (33%) and M. bellicosus (64%) were the most popular among the Langi and Madi, respectively. The respondents had positive perception on edible insect’s consumption as an alternative protein source (98%) to conventional protein source, particularly for insects that were already known to be eaten in the study areas. Conclusions The high diversity of utilized edible insects identified in our study area and the responses indicate that entomophagy is a common practice in the region. Therefore, along with being an important delicacy and traditional foods, edible insects can improve household nutrition status by providing an alternative protein source to alleviate food insecurity and malnutrition among rural communities.
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spelling doaj-art-86d4e817a63c489bb895aae23e93c4642025-08-20T03:05:56ZengBMCJournal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine1746-42692025-07-0121111810.1186/s13002-025-00799-9Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern UgandaMartha F. Alaroker0Ronald Twongyirwe1Philip Nyeko2Francis Sengendo3Valtonen Anu4Bruno Massa5Harriet Angwech6Geoffrey M. Malinga7Sabine Van Miert8Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Environment and Livelihoods Support Systems, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mbarara University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå UniversityDepartment of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of PalermoDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu UniversityCentre of Expertise Sustainable Biomass and Chemistry, Thomas More University of Applied SciencesAbstract Background Insects are widely recognized as a valuable source of protein and solution to food security, particularly in developing countries like Uganda. This study documents the local knowledge and practices of edible insects consumed and perception and attitudes towards edible insects by different ethnic groups in northern Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to January 2024 in the districts of Adjumani, Nwoya, Oyam and Zombo in northern Uganda, where 600 questionnaires which comprised of both closed and open-ended questions were administered to randomly selected respondents (60% female, 40% male) in 24 villages spread across four ethnic groups (Acholi, Langi, Alur and Madi). We aimed to find out, whether differences exist in the types of edible insects consumed and which ones were preferred based on ethnicity, age, gender and education level. Results Our study revealed that eleven edible insect’s species belonging to two orders (Orthoptera and Isoptera) and four families—Tettigoniidae, Termitidae, Gryllotalpidae and Acrididae were consumed as food among the Acholi, Alur, Madi and Langi. These species include: Ruspolia differens, Locusta migratoria, Kraussaria angulifera, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes michaelseni, Pseudacanthotermes militaris, Syntermes spp. soldiers, Lanista varelai and Gryllotalpa africana. L. varelai, locally known as ‘Ocene-labolo’ in Acholi, is reported as edible insect for the first time. Additionally, one unidentified edible insect, locally known as ‘Mumu’ in Alur or ‘Lakwinyekimo’ in Acholi, was reported to be used as food. Preference for edible insects varied among the ethnic groups, with R. differens being the most preferred among Alur (85%) and Acholi (41%). Conversely, M. subhyalinus (33%) and M. bellicosus (64%) were the most popular among the Langi and Madi, respectively. The respondents had positive perception on edible insect’s consumption as an alternative protein source (98%) to conventional protein source, particularly for insects that were already known to be eaten in the study areas. Conclusions The high diversity of utilized edible insects identified in our study area and the responses indicate that entomophagy is a common practice in the region. Therefore, along with being an important delicacy and traditional foods, edible insects can improve household nutrition status by providing an alternative protein source to alleviate food insecurity and malnutrition among rural communities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00799-9Consumption patternEntomophagyEthnic groupLocal knowledge
spellingShingle Martha F. Alaroker
Ronald Twongyirwe
Philip Nyeko
Francis Sengendo
Valtonen Anu
Bruno Massa
Harriet Angwech
Geoffrey M. Malinga
Sabine Van Miert
Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Consumption pattern
Entomophagy
Ethnic group
Local knowledge
title Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda
title_full Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda
title_fullStr Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda
title_short Local knowledge, perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in Northern Uganda
title_sort local knowledge perception and practices regarding edible insects among different ethnic groups in northern uganda
topic Consumption pattern
Entomophagy
Ethnic group
Local knowledge
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00799-9
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