Analytical Basal-State Model of the Glucose, Insulin, and C-Peptide Systems for Type 2 Diabetes
We present a mechanistic mathematical model of the basal state for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an analytical form and illustrate its use for in silico basal-state and dynamic studies. At the core of the basal-state model is a quartic equation that expresses the basal plasma glucose concentrat...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/5/553 |
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| Summary: | We present a mechanistic mathematical model of the basal state for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an analytical form and illustrate its use for in silico basal-state and dynamic studies. At the core of the basal-state model is a quartic equation that expresses the basal plasma glucose concentration solely in terms of model parameters. This analytical model avoids a computationally intensive numerical solver and is illustrated by an investigation of how glucose-utilization parameters impact basal glucose, insulin, insulin-dependent utilization, and hepatic extraction, leveraging median parameter values of early-stage T2DM. Furthermore, the presented basal-state model ensures accurate execution of the corresponding dynamic model, which contains basal quantities within its derivative functions; erroneous, unintended dynamics in plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are illustrated using an incorrect basal glucose value. The presented basal model enables efficient and accurate basal-state and dynamic studies, facilitating the understanding of T2DM pathophysiology and the development of T2DM diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies. |
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| ISSN: | 2306-5354 |