Bioaccumulation, Ecotoxicity, and Microbial Responses in <i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i> Tadpoles Following Co-Exposure to Imidacloprid and Microplastics

Bioaccumulation, Ecotoxicity, and Microbial Responses in <i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i> Tadpoles Following Co-Exposure to Imidacloprid and Microplastics

Agricultural organic pollutants have been identified as a key factor contributing to amphibian population decline, particularly during early developmental stages when tadpoles are frequently exposed to neonicotinoids (NEOs) and microplastics (MPs). In this study, <i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xinyu Hu, Sipu Zhu, Yiru Chen, Linxia Zhang, Huadong Tan, Chunyuan Wu, Xiaoying Zhang, Xiao Deng, Yi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
imidacloprid
microplastic
toxicokinetics
microbial diversity
tadpole
combined toxicity
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1928
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