Chitosan nanogels enriched with granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor promote odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells in vitro

Abstract Nanomaterials and regeneration-inducing microenvironments are key components of innovative regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). This study aimed to assess the odontogenic potential of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor (GM-CSF) loaded chitosan nanogels (CNgs) on den...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bahar Asheghi, Khatereh Asadi, Ahmad Gholami, Maryam Enteghad, Seyedeh Saba Sadeghi, Negin Firouzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06185-x
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