A Review of Seasonal Energy Storage for Net-Zero Industrial Heat: Thermal and Power-to-X Storage Including the Novel Concept of Renewable Metal Energy Carriers

Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 requires CO<sub>2</sub>-neutral industrial process heat, with seasonal energy storage (SES) playing a crucial role in balancing supply and demand. This study reviews thermal energy storage (TES) and Power-to-X (P2X) technologies for app...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yvonne I. Baeuerle, Cordin Arpagaus, Michel Y. Haller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2204
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