Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic
Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted w...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2020-12-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000698.full |
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| _version_ | 1850206308666441728 |
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| author | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai Prateek Bahl Shovon Bhattacharjee C Raina MacIntyre |
| author_facet | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai Prateek Bahl Shovon Bhattacharjee C Raina MacIntyre |
| author_sort | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300–350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ff58fb042f54ddda170607ad832c02b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2052-4439 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ff58fb042f54ddda170607ad832c02b2025-08-20T02:10:53ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Respiratory Research2052-44392020-12-017110.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemicAbrar Ahmad Chughtai0Prateek Bahl1Shovon Bhattacharjee2C Raina MacIntyre3School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales—Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, AustraliaBiosecurity Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, AustraliaprofessorFace masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300–350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000698.full |
| spellingShingle | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai Prateek Bahl Shovon Bhattacharjee C Raina MacIntyre Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| title | Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full | Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_short | Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_sort | last resort strategies during mask shortages optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the covid 19 pandemic |
| url | https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000698.full |
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