Use of Cyclosporine and Itraconazole as Palliative Treatment for Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Psittacine Birds

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a neurologic syndrome of birds caused by the infectious agent Psittacine Bornavirus (PaBV). Clinical disease may be based on the T-cell-mediated immune response to PaBV within the central and peripheral nervous system, similar to Borna disease virus, a clos...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Laura M. Kleinschmidt, Sharman M. Hoppes, Jeffrey M. B. Musser, Ian Tizard, J. Jill Heatley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/5/459
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