Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans
This study examined the effectiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans in removing heavy metals (lead and cadmium) from doogh (a fermented yogurt drink) and mineral water. Both live and heat-inactivated forms of these bacteria were added to the beverages containing lead and cadmiu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Food Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001842 |
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| author | Farkhondeh Banihashemi Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi Fateme Akrami Mohajeri Hamdollah Moshtaghi Razieh Mohebat Hossein Fallahzadeh Elham Khalili Sadrabad |
| author_facet | Farkhondeh Banihashemi Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi Fateme Akrami Mohajeri Hamdollah Moshtaghi Razieh Mohebat Hossein Fallahzadeh Elham Khalili Sadrabad |
| author_sort | Farkhondeh Banihashemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examined the effectiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans in removing heavy metals (lead and cadmium) from doogh (a fermented yogurt drink) and mineral water. Both live and heat-inactivated forms of these bacteria were added to the beverages containing lead and cadmium, and stored at 4 °C. The concentrations of the heavy metals were measured at intervals of 1, 2, 7, 15, and 35 days using ICP-OES. FTIR and SEM analyses were conducted to investigate the functional groups and accumulation processes, respectively. Additionally, sensory evaluations were performed on samples without heavy metals by panelists. The results showed that all probiotic bacteria could remove lead and cadmium from the samples, although their adsorption rates varied. On the first day of storage, the residual concentrations of lead and cadmium ranged from 0.06 ± 0.01 to 27.62 ± 0.06 mg/L and 23.19 ± 0.07 to 51.62 ± 0.21 mg/L, respectively. Bacillus coagulans in mineral water (pH: 6.59) demonstrated the highest removal efficiency (p < 0.05). FTIR results indicated that functional groups such as amides, carboxylic acids, and hydroxyl groups were involved in binding to lead and cadmium ions. SEM analysis revealed changes in the surface morphology of bacterial cell walls in the presence of metal ions, indicating absorption. Sensory analysis showed that all matrices containing bacteria had higher scores, which decreased over 35 days of storage. The study concluded that the effectiveness and mechanisms of bacterial strains in removing heavy metals depend on the type of matrix, the presence of competing ions, pH, and the condition of the bacterial biomass (dead or alive). The findings suggest that probiotic bacteria, particularly Bacillus coagulans, can effectively remove heavy metals from beverages without significantly affecting their sensory properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7dcd5f8b61684e42bf1282924409e34f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-5022 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7dcd5f8b61684e42bf1282924409e34f2025-08-20T03:20:13ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-06-015110087410.1016/j.afres.2025.100874Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulansFarkhondeh Banihashemi0Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi1Fateme Akrami Mohajeri2Hamdollah Moshtaghi3Razieh Mohebat4Hossein Fallahzadeh5Elham Khalili Sadrabad6Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, IranDepartment of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranDepartment of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, IranDepartments of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, IranResearch Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranDepartment of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Corresponding author at: Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.This study examined the effectiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans in removing heavy metals (lead and cadmium) from doogh (a fermented yogurt drink) and mineral water. Both live and heat-inactivated forms of these bacteria were added to the beverages containing lead and cadmium, and stored at 4 °C. The concentrations of the heavy metals were measured at intervals of 1, 2, 7, 15, and 35 days using ICP-OES. FTIR and SEM analyses were conducted to investigate the functional groups and accumulation processes, respectively. Additionally, sensory evaluations were performed on samples without heavy metals by panelists. The results showed that all probiotic bacteria could remove lead and cadmium from the samples, although their adsorption rates varied. On the first day of storage, the residual concentrations of lead and cadmium ranged from 0.06 ± 0.01 to 27.62 ± 0.06 mg/L and 23.19 ± 0.07 to 51.62 ± 0.21 mg/L, respectively. Bacillus coagulans in mineral water (pH: 6.59) demonstrated the highest removal efficiency (p < 0.05). FTIR results indicated that functional groups such as amides, carboxylic acids, and hydroxyl groups were involved in binding to lead and cadmium ions. SEM analysis revealed changes in the surface morphology of bacterial cell walls in the presence of metal ions, indicating absorption. Sensory analysis showed that all matrices containing bacteria had higher scores, which decreased over 35 days of storage. The study concluded that the effectiveness and mechanisms of bacterial strains in removing heavy metals depend on the type of matrix, the presence of competing ions, pH, and the condition of the bacterial biomass (dead or alive). The findings suggest that probiotic bacteria, particularly Bacillus coagulans, can effectively remove heavy metals from beverages without significantly affecting their sensory properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001842Heavy metalsLactobacillus acidophilusBacillus CoagulansBeverage |
| spellingShingle | Farkhondeh Banihashemi Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi Fateme Akrami Mohajeri Hamdollah Moshtaghi Razieh Mohebat Hossein Fallahzadeh Elham Khalili Sadrabad Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans Applied Food Research Heavy metals Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacillus Coagulans Beverage |
| title | Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans |
| title_full | Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans |
| title_fullStr | Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans |
| title_short | Removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus coagulans |
| title_sort | removal of cadmium and lead from doogh and mineral water by lactobacillus acidophilus and bacillus coagulans |
| topic | Heavy metals Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacillus Coagulans Beverage |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225001842 |
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