MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma

Abstract Purpose Mucosal melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, remains challenging to manage due to the lack of effective therapies. Mucin 18 (MUC18) is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic lesions of melanoma but rarely in normal tissues. The expression profile makes MUC18 a po...

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Main Authors: Fenghao Zhang, Haizhen Du, Kaiping Liu, Qian Guo, Mengmeng Liang, Jing Shi, Shi Feng, Ting He, Xin-an Lu, Yanfang Tang, Lihua Wang, Qiaozhen Li, Xun Meng, Shu-Hui Liu, Yanping Ding, Yan Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06365-x
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author Fenghao Zhang
Haizhen Du
Kaiping Liu
Qian Guo
Mengmeng Liang
Jing Shi
Shi Feng
Ting He
Xin-an Lu
Yanfang Tang
Lihua Wang
Qiaozhen Li
Xun Meng
Shu-Hui Liu
Yanping Ding
Yan Kong
author_facet Fenghao Zhang
Haizhen Du
Kaiping Liu
Qian Guo
Mengmeng Liang
Jing Shi
Shi Feng
Ting He
Xin-an Lu
Yanfang Tang
Lihua Wang
Qiaozhen Li
Xun Meng
Shu-Hui Liu
Yanping Ding
Yan Kong
author_sort Fenghao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose Mucosal melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, remains challenging to manage due to the lack of effective therapies. Mucin 18 (MUC18) is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic lesions of melanoma but rarely in normal tissues. The expression profile makes MUC18 a potential target for development of therapeutic antibodies or chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. This study aims to generate an effective CAR-T targeting MUC18-positive melanoma and evaluate its preclinical antitumor activity. Experimental design A humanized anti-MUC18 single chain antibody fragment (scFv) was used to construct CAR-T with various designs of the hinge, transmembrane, co-stimulatory, and CD3ζ domains. The antitumor efficacy of MUC18 CAR-T cells was assessed in vitro, in MUC18-positive primary and rechallenged xenograft models, as well as in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human mucosal melanoma. Results The humanized scFv selectively bound to MUC18 with high affinity. Various MUC18 CAR-T cells specifically killed MUC18-positive melanoma cells and could proliferate as a result of exposure to antigen. Among them, CAR-T cells containing an IgG4-derived hinge domain and a CD28 co-stimulatory domain demonstrated superior antitumor efficiency. Robust tumor regression and CAR-T cell expansion were observed in multiple MUC18-positive xenograft models after treatment with the IgG4 hinge and CD28 empowered CAR-T cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated the development of a novel CAR-T therapy for mucosal melanoma, MUC18 CAR-T, that showed strong potency in tumor eradication and inhibition of tumor relapse. This candidate CAR-T therapy could provide a promising strategy for the treatment of the refractory melanoma.
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spelling doaj-art-7c2f798732b34814bf3a383be3a3eaa02025-08-20T03:15:10ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762025-04-0123111410.1186/s12967-025-06365-xMUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanomaFenghao Zhang0Haizhen Du1Kaiping Liu2Qian Guo3Mengmeng Liang4Jing Shi5Shi Feng6Ting He7Xin-an Lu8Yanfang Tang9Lihua Wang10Qiaozhen Li11Xun Meng12Shu-Hui Liu13Yanping Ding14Yan Kong15Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteDepartment of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteDepartment of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteDepartment of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdMultitude TherapeuticsBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdMultitude TherapeuticsBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdMultitude TherapeuticsMultitude TherapeuticsBeijing Imunopharm Technology Co., LtdDepartment of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteAbstract Purpose Mucosal melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, remains challenging to manage due to the lack of effective therapies. Mucin 18 (MUC18) is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic lesions of melanoma but rarely in normal tissues. The expression profile makes MUC18 a potential target for development of therapeutic antibodies or chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy. This study aims to generate an effective CAR-T targeting MUC18-positive melanoma and evaluate its preclinical antitumor activity. Experimental design A humanized anti-MUC18 single chain antibody fragment (scFv) was used to construct CAR-T with various designs of the hinge, transmembrane, co-stimulatory, and CD3ζ domains. The antitumor efficacy of MUC18 CAR-T cells was assessed in vitro, in MUC18-positive primary and rechallenged xenograft models, as well as in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human mucosal melanoma. Results The humanized scFv selectively bound to MUC18 with high affinity. Various MUC18 CAR-T cells specifically killed MUC18-positive melanoma cells and could proliferate as a result of exposure to antigen. Among them, CAR-T cells containing an IgG4-derived hinge domain and a CD28 co-stimulatory domain demonstrated superior antitumor efficiency. Robust tumor regression and CAR-T cell expansion were observed in multiple MUC18-positive xenograft models after treatment with the IgG4 hinge and CD28 empowered CAR-T cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated the development of a novel CAR-T therapy for mucosal melanoma, MUC18 CAR-T, that showed strong potency in tumor eradication and inhibition of tumor relapse. This candidate CAR-T therapy could provide a promising strategy for the treatment of the refractory melanoma.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06365-xMUC18CAR-TMucosal melanomaPreclinical efficacy
spellingShingle Fenghao Zhang
Haizhen Du
Kaiping Liu
Qian Guo
Mengmeng Liang
Jing Shi
Shi Feng
Ting He
Xin-an Lu
Yanfang Tang
Lihua Wang
Qiaozhen Li
Xun Meng
Shu-Hui Liu
Yanping Ding
Yan Kong
MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
Journal of Translational Medicine
MUC18
CAR-T
Mucosal melanoma
Preclinical efficacy
title MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
title_full MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
title_fullStr MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
title_full_unstemmed MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
title_short MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
title_sort muc18 directed chimeric antigen receptor t cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma
topic MUC18
CAR-T
Mucosal melanoma
Preclinical efficacy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06365-x
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