Immunostimulatory activity of inactivated environmental Bacillus isolates and their endospores

Abstract The spore-forming capacity of Bacillus spp. enables environmental persistence and stable product formulations, yet the interactions of environmental Bacillus spores and vegetative cells with the human immune system are not fully understood. We investigated the immunostimulatory potential of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Max Dekeukeleire, Dieter Vandenheuvel, Tippapron Khondee, Lize Delanghe, Tim Van Rillaer, Sofie Thys, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, Sarah Lebeer, Irina Spacova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12833-7
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