Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of infusions made from commercially available Morus alba L. leaves with those of infusions made from a naturally collected source. The phenolic profile was determined using RP-HPLC–DAD and LC-Q-TOF–M...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Michał Adam Janiak, Anna Gryn-Rynko, Katarzyna Sulewska, Ryszard Amarowicz, Kamila Penkacik, Radomir Graczyk, Dorota Olszewska-Słonina, Michał Stanisław Majewski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97223-9
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849694339779788800
author Michał Adam Janiak
Anna Gryn-Rynko
Katarzyna Sulewska
Ryszard Amarowicz
Kamila Penkacik
Radomir Graczyk
Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Michał Stanisław Majewski
author_facet Michał Adam Janiak
Anna Gryn-Rynko
Katarzyna Sulewska
Ryszard Amarowicz
Kamila Penkacik
Radomir Graczyk
Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Michał Stanisław Majewski
author_sort Michał Adam Janiak
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of infusions made from commercially available Morus alba L. leaves with those of infusions made from a naturally collected source. The phenolic profile was determined using RP-HPLC–DAD and LC-Q-TOF–MS/MS. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent. To assess the antioxidant and reducing properties, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used. Our analysis revealed the presence of two phenolic acids and six flavonoids. The most abundant compound was chlorogenic acid. The TPC, TEAC, and FRAP results indicated that infusions prepared from naturally collected samples exhibited greater phenolic content (19.7—52.6 vs 18.1—35.2 mg/100 ml) and stronger antioxidant (0.0605—0.1842 vs 0.0453—0.0822 mmol Trolox/100 ml) and reducing (0.244—0.597 vs 0.202—0.371 mmol Fe2+/100 ml) activities than those of commercially available products in the Polish market. Samples L1-L3 from the natural collection were those with the highest values. These results were further supported by principal component analysis (PCA), which categorized observations into three distinct clusters.
format Article
id doaj-art-7abc6a38d3b1402ca12660c6f8e46753
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-7abc6a38d3b1402ca12660c6f8e467532025-08-20T03:20:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-97223-9Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leavesMichał Adam Janiak0Anna Gryn-Rynko1Katarzyna Sulewska2Ryszard Amarowicz3Kamila Penkacik4Radomir Graczyk5Dorota Olszewska-Słonina6Michał Stanisław Majewski7Scientific Group of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynScientific Group of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of SciencesScientific Group of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of SciencesScientific Group of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Biology and Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynAbstract The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of infusions made from commercially available Morus alba L. leaves with those of infusions made from a naturally collected source. The phenolic profile was determined using RP-HPLC–DAD and LC-Q-TOF–MS/MS. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent. To assess the antioxidant and reducing properties, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used. Our analysis revealed the presence of two phenolic acids and six flavonoids. The most abundant compound was chlorogenic acid. The TPC, TEAC, and FRAP results indicated that infusions prepared from naturally collected samples exhibited greater phenolic content (19.7—52.6 vs 18.1—35.2 mg/100 ml) and stronger antioxidant (0.0605—0.1842 vs 0.0453—0.0822 mmol Trolox/100 ml) and reducing (0.244—0.597 vs 0.202—0.371 mmol Fe2+/100 ml) activities than those of commercially available products in the Polish market. Samples L1-L3 from the natural collection were those with the highest values. These results were further supported by principal component analysis (PCA), which categorized observations into three distinct clusters.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97223-9Morus alba L.Phenolic compoundsAntioxidant activityRP-HPLC-DADChlorogenic acidLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS
spellingShingle Michał Adam Janiak
Anna Gryn-Rynko
Katarzyna Sulewska
Ryszard Amarowicz
Kamila Penkacik
Radomir Graczyk
Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Michał Stanisław Majewski
Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
Scientific Reports
Morus alba L.
Phenolic compounds
Antioxidant activity
RP-HPLC-DAD
Chlorogenic acid
LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS
title Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
title_full Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
title_fullStr Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
title_full_unstemmed Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
title_short Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Morus alba L. infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
title_sort phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of morus alba l infusions prepared from commercially available products and naturally collected leaves
topic Morus alba L.
Phenolic compounds
Antioxidant activity
RP-HPLC-DAD
Chlorogenic acid
LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97223-9
work_keys_str_mv AT michaładamjaniak phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT annagrynrynko phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT katarzynasulewska phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT ryszardamarowicz phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT kamilapenkacik phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT radomirgraczyk phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT dorotaolszewskasłonina phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves
AT michałstanisławmajewski phenolicprofilesandantioxidantactivityofmorusalbalinfusionspreparedfromcommerciallyavailableproductsandnaturallycollectedleaves