The gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: an observational study review and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Abstract Background Earlier studies have implicated a crucial link between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the gut microbiota (GM) by considering the gut-kidney axis; however, the specific cause-and-effect connections between these processes remain unclear. Methods To compare changes in the GM between...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Trials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08755-4 |
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