Hydroxycotinine exhibits a stronger association with chronic kidney disease in smokers when compared to cotinine: Evidence from NHANES 2013–2018
Introduction Smoking is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cotinine and hydroxycotinine are tobacco metabolites that can be used to quantify smoking. This study evaluated their relationship with CKD in smokers. Methods This secondary dataset analysis is based on National...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Hydroxycotinine-exhibits-a-stronger-association-with-chronic-kidney-disease-in-smokers,201969,0,2.html |
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