Mechanical Properties and Functional Assessment of PMMA Bone Cements Modified with Glassy Carbon

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cements are widely used in orthopaedic surgery, yet their inherent brittleness, lack of bioactivity, and exothermic polymerization remain critical limitations. Recent strategies have focused on modifying PMMA with functional additives to improve not only m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Robert Karpiński, Jakub Szabelski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/7/254
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