Membrane vesicles from Red Complex bacteria: key players in oral pathogenesis, immune disruption, systemic diseases, and therapeutic insights

The oral cavity serves as a habitat for a diverse array of microorganisms, each performing distinct functions, thereby constituting a vibrant and intricate ecological community. The most common pathogenic bacteria in the oral ecosystem are the Red Complex group, which includes Porphyromonas gingival...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan, Huldah Pearlin Sarah Lazarus, Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan, Sheeja Varghese, Nalini Easwaran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Oral Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1607931/full
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