Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use
Objective. Determining the etiology of unexplained leukocytosis in asymptomatic patients may incur unnecessary testing, cost, and prolonged emergency department stay. The objective was to delineate if use of amphetamines and/or cocaine is a factor. Methods. For two years we reviewed all psychiatric...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207651 |
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| _version_ | 1832559904631554048 |
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| author | John R. Richards Valeria F. Farias Chris S. Clingan |
| author_facet | John R. Richards Valeria F. Farias Chris S. Clingan |
| author_sort | John R. Richards |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. Determining the etiology of unexplained leukocytosis in asymptomatic patients may incur unnecessary testing, cost, and prolonged emergency department stay. The objective was to delineate if use of amphetamines and/or cocaine is a factor. Methods. For two years we reviewed all psychiatric patients presenting for medical clearance with exclusions for infection, epilepsy, trauma, or other nonpsychiatric medical conditions. Results. With a total of 1,206 patients, 877 (72.7%) amphetamines/cocaine-negative drug screen controls had mean WBC 8.4±2.6×103/µL. The 240 (19.9%) amphetamines-positive, cocaine-negative, patients had WBC 9.4±3.3×103/µL (P<0.0001). The 72 (6.0%) amphetamines-negative, cocaine-positive, patients had WBC 7.1±1.8×103/µL (P<0.0001). The remaining 17 (1.4%) amphetamines/cocaine-positive patients had WBC 10.0±4.2×103/µL (P=0.01). Amphetamines-positive patients had a supranormal WBC ratio significantly higher than controls (23.8% versus 14.8%, P=0.001), whereas only one cocaine-positive patient had a supranormal WBC count, with significantly lower ratio (1.4%, P=0.0003). Conclusion. Use of amphetamines, not cocaine, may be associated with idiopathic leukocytosis. This may be explained by unique pharmacologic, neuroendocrine, and immunomodulatory differences. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77ca81f02104426cba803c5e723552ac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2356-6140 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-77ca81f02104426cba803c5e723552ac2025-02-03T01:28:51ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal2356-61401537-744X2014-01-01201410.1155/2014/207651207651Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine UseJohn R. Richards0Valeria F. Farias1Chris S. Clingan2Department of Emergency Medicine, PSSB 2100, U.C. Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, PSSB 2100, U.C. Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, PSSB 2100, U.C. Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USAObjective. Determining the etiology of unexplained leukocytosis in asymptomatic patients may incur unnecessary testing, cost, and prolonged emergency department stay. The objective was to delineate if use of amphetamines and/or cocaine is a factor. Methods. For two years we reviewed all psychiatric patients presenting for medical clearance with exclusions for infection, epilepsy, trauma, or other nonpsychiatric medical conditions. Results. With a total of 1,206 patients, 877 (72.7%) amphetamines/cocaine-negative drug screen controls had mean WBC 8.4±2.6×103/µL. The 240 (19.9%) amphetamines-positive, cocaine-negative, patients had WBC 9.4±3.3×103/µL (P<0.0001). The 72 (6.0%) amphetamines-negative, cocaine-positive, patients had WBC 7.1±1.8×103/µL (P<0.0001). The remaining 17 (1.4%) amphetamines/cocaine-positive patients had WBC 10.0±4.2×103/µL (P=0.01). Amphetamines-positive patients had a supranormal WBC ratio significantly higher than controls (23.8% versus 14.8%, P=0.001), whereas only one cocaine-positive patient had a supranormal WBC count, with significantly lower ratio (1.4%, P=0.0003). Conclusion. Use of amphetamines, not cocaine, may be associated with idiopathic leukocytosis. This may be explained by unique pharmacologic, neuroendocrine, and immunomodulatory differences.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207651 |
| spellingShingle | John R. Richards Valeria F. Farias Chris S. Clingan Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use The Scientific World Journal |
| title | Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use |
| title_full | Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use |
| title_fullStr | Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use |
| title_short | Association of Leukocytosis with Amphetamine and Cocaine Use |
| title_sort | association of leukocytosis with amphetamine and cocaine use |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207651 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johnrrichards associationofleukocytosiswithamphetamineandcocaineuse AT valeriaffarias associationofleukocytosiswithamphetamineandcocaineuse AT chrissclingan associationofleukocytosiswithamphetamineandcocaineuse |