Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases

Mitochondrial diseases are complex disorders caused by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA mutations, leading to oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS have been well established in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the role of reactive n...

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Main Authors: Jomênica B. Livramento, Gabriela S. Rodrigues, Jean Faber, Luis A. de Souza Filho, Felipo V. Moura, Camila D. S. Barros, Wladimir B. V. R. Pinto, Beny Schmidt, Acary S. B. Oliveira, Beatriz H. Kiyomoto, Célia H. Tengan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/211
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author Jomênica B. Livramento
Gabriela S. Rodrigues
Jean Faber
Luis A. de Souza Filho
Felipo V. Moura
Camila D. S. Barros
Wladimir B. V. R. Pinto
Beny Schmidt
Acary S. B. Oliveira
Beatriz H. Kiyomoto
Célia H. Tengan
author_facet Jomênica B. Livramento
Gabriela S. Rodrigues
Jean Faber
Luis A. de Souza Filho
Felipo V. Moura
Camila D. S. Barros
Wladimir B. V. R. Pinto
Beny Schmidt
Acary S. B. Oliveira
Beatriz H. Kiyomoto
Célia H. Tengan
author_sort Jomênica B. Livramento
collection DOAJ
description Mitochondrial diseases are complex disorders caused by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA mutations, leading to oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS have been well established in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) remains unclear. In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of muscle fibers to investigate the relationship between protein nitration and mitochondrial abnormalities (mitochondrial proliferation and cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) deficiency) and factors like genotype, muscle damage, and age. A total of 1961 muscle fibers (303 from 4 controls and 1658 from 29 patients with mitochondrial diseases) were analyzed by immunostaining for nitro-tyrosine. Contrary to previous findings, which identified nitro-tyrosine only in small muscle vessels, we observed a broader distribution affecting the sarcolemma and sarcoplasm. Using multivariate techniques, we identified a significant correlation between protein nitration and mitochondrial proliferation but found no associations with COX deficiency, age, muscle damage, or genotype. These findings suggest that nitrative stress may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction or play a role in signaling processes that induce mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial diseases and highlight the potential relevance of protein nitration.
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spelling doaj-art-770a88f32ff24a309184dcf1b8a671e72025-08-20T03:11:07ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-02-0114221110.3390/antiox14020211Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial DiseasesJomênica B. Livramento0Gabriela S. Rodrigues1Jean Faber2Luis A. de Souza Filho3Felipo V. Moura4Camila D. S. Barros5Wladimir B. V. R. Pinto6Beny Schmidt7Acary S. B. Oliveira8Beatriz H. Kiyomoto9Célia H. Tengan10Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04041-001, BrazilMitochondrial diseases are complex disorders caused by nuclear or mitochondrial DNA mutations, leading to oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS have been well established in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) remains unclear. In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of muscle fibers to investigate the relationship between protein nitration and mitochondrial abnormalities (mitochondrial proliferation and cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) deficiency) and factors like genotype, muscle damage, and age. A total of 1961 muscle fibers (303 from 4 controls and 1658 from 29 patients with mitochondrial diseases) were analyzed by immunostaining for nitro-tyrosine. Contrary to previous findings, which identified nitro-tyrosine only in small muscle vessels, we observed a broader distribution affecting the sarcolemma and sarcoplasm. Using multivariate techniques, we identified a significant correlation between protein nitration and mitochondrial proliferation but found no associations with COX deficiency, age, muscle damage, or genotype. These findings suggest that nitrative stress may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction or play a role in signaling processes that induce mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial diseases and highlight the potential relevance of protein nitration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/211nitric oxidemitochondrial diseasesprotein nitrationoxidative stressnitrative stressmitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
spellingShingle Jomênica B. Livramento
Gabriela S. Rodrigues
Jean Faber
Luis A. de Souza Filho
Felipo V. Moura
Camila D. S. Barros
Wladimir B. V. R. Pinto
Beny Schmidt
Acary S. B. Oliveira
Beatriz H. Kiyomoto
Célia H. Tengan
Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases
Antioxidants
nitric oxide
mitochondrial diseases
protein nitration
oxidative stress
nitrative stress
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
title Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases
title_full Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases
title_fullStr Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases
title_short Protein Nitration in Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases
title_sort protein nitration in patients with mitochondrial diseases
topic nitric oxide
mitochondrial diseases
protein nitration
oxidative stress
nitrative stress
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/211
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