Acute fish toxicity testing in pesticide risk assessment: still a necessary requirement for the future?
Abstract Background The reliance on traditional acute fish toxicity testing in the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of plant protection products (PPPs) raises ethical and scientific concerns, particularly considering the EU’s commitment to the 3Rs principle (replacement, reduction, refinement) an...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Environmental Sciences Europe |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01170-1 |
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