Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm

The electric–hydrogen coupled integrated energy system (EHCS) is a critical pathway for the low-carbon transition of energy systems. However, the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy sources present significant challenges to optimal energy management in the EHCS. To address these challenges, t...

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Main Authors: Jingbo Zhao, Zhengping Gao, Zhe Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3925
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author Jingbo Zhao
Zhengping Gao
Zhe Chen
author_facet Jingbo Zhao
Zhengping Gao
Zhe Chen
author_sort Jingbo Zhao
collection DOAJ
description The electric–hydrogen coupled integrated energy system (EHCS) is a critical pathway for the low-carbon transition of energy systems. However, the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy sources present significant challenges to optimal energy management in the EHCS. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an energy management method for the EHCS based on an improved proximal policy optimization (IPPO) algorithm. This method aims to overcome the limitations of traditional heuristic algorithms, such as low solution accuracy, and the inefficiencies of mathematical programming methods. First, a mathematical model for the EHCS is established. Then, by introducing the Markov decision process (MDP), this mathematical model is transformed into a deep reinforcement learning framework. On this basis, the state space and action space of the system are defined, and a reward function is designed to guide the agent to learn to the optimal strategy, which takes into account the constraints of the system. Finally, the efficacy and economic viability of the proposed method are validated through numerical simulation.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-76d57dfe9d9d435888fbf1507e4176ef2025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011815392510.3390/en18153925Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization AlgorithmJingbo Zhao0Zhengping Gao1Zhe Chen2State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Nanjing 210023, ChinaState Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, ChinaState Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Nanjing 210023, ChinaThe electric–hydrogen coupled integrated energy system (EHCS) is a critical pathway for the low-carbon transition of energy systems. However, the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy sources present significant challenges to optimal energy management in the EHCS. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an energy management method for the EHCS based on an improved proximal policy optimization (IPPO) algorithm. This method aims to overcome the limitations of traditional heuristic algorithms, such as low solution accuracy, and the inefficiencies of mathematical programming methods. First, a mathematical model for the EHCS is established. Then, by introducing the Markov decision process (MDP), this mathematical model is transformed into a deep reinforcement learning framework. On this basis, the state space and action space of the system are defined, and a reward function is designed to guide the agent to learn to the optimal strategy, which takes into account the constraints of the system. Finally, the efficacy and economic viability of the proposed method are validated through numerical simulation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3925proximal policy optimization algorithmelectric–hydrogen coupled integrated energy systemenergy managementrenewable energy
spellingShingle Jingbo Zhao
Zhengping Gao
Zhe Chen
Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
Energies
proximal policy optimization algorithm
electric–hydrogen coupled integrated energy system
energy management
renewable energy
title Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
title_full Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
title_fullStr Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
title_short Energy Management of Electric–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy System Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm
title_sort energy management of electric hydrogen coupled integrated energy system based on improved proximal policy optimization algorithm
topic proximal policy optimization algorithm
electric–hydrogen coupled integrated energy system
energy management
renewable energy
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3925
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AT zhengpinggao energymanagementofelectrichydrogencoupledintegratedenergysystembasedonimprovedproximalpolicyoptimizationalgorithm
AT zhechen energymanagementofelectrichydrogencoupledintegratedenergysystembasedonimprovedproximalpolicyoptimizationalgorithm