The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding

Abstract Background Vertebrates have one Dicer ortholog that generates both microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), in contrast to the multiple Dicer-like proteins found in flies and plants. Here, we focus on the functions of the human Dicer (hDicer) helicase domain. The helicase dom...

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Main Authors: Kinga Ciechanowska, Agnieszka Szczepanska, Kamil Szpotkowski, Klaudia Wojcik, Anna Urbanowicz, Anna Kurzynska-Kokorniak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02082-x
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author Kinga Ciechanowska
Agnieszka Szczepanska
Kamil Szpotkowski
Klaudia Wojcik
Anna Urbanowicz
Anna Kurzynska-Kokorniak
author_facet Kinga Ciechanowska
Agnieszka Szczepanska
Kamil Szpotkowski
Klaudia Wojcik
Anna Urbanowicz
Anna Kurzynska-Kokorniak
author_sort Kinga Ciechanowska
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Vertebrates have one Dicer ortholog that generates both microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), in contrast to the multiple Dicer-like proteins found in flies and plants. Here, we focus on the functions of the human Dicer (hDicer) helicase domain. The helicase domain of hDicer is known to recognize pre-miRNA substrates through interactions with their apical loop regions. Besides interacting with canonical substrates, the hDicer helicase domain has also been suggested to bind many different cellular RNAs; however, a comprehensive study of the biochemical activities and substrate specificity of the hDicer helicase domain towards different nucleic acids has yet to be undertaken. Results Here, we reveal that full-length hDicer, through its helicase domain, hydrolyzes ATP. The ATPase activity of hDicer can only be observed under low-turnover conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this activity has been reported for vertebrate Dicers. We also show that the hDicer helicase domain binds single- but not double-stranded RNAs and DNAs and that this binding activity presumably is not nucleotide-dependent. Moreover, the hDicer helicase domain may influence the structure of the RNA to which it binds. Conclusions Preservation of ATPase activity by hDicer suggests that this enzyme performs many more functions in the cell than is currently assumed. Our findings open new avenues for future studies aimed at defining the cellular activities of hDicer that may be associated with these newly described biochemical properties: ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding activities.
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spelling doaj-art-75b04ac13ea844d59527201cf585d06f2025-08-20T01:57:12ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072024-12-0122112010.1186/s12915-024-02082-xThe human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid bindingKinga Ciechanowska0Agnieszka Szczepanska1Kamil Szpotkowski2Klaudia Wojcik3Anna Urbanowicz4Anna Kurzynska-Kokorniak5Department of Ribonucleoprotein Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Ribonucleoprotein Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Ribonucleoprotein Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Ribonucleoprotein Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Ribonucleoprotein Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesAbstract Background Vertebrates have one Dicer ortholog that generates both microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), in contrast to the multiple Dicer-like proteins found in flies and plants. Here, we focus on the functions of the human Dicer (hDicer) helicase domain. The helicase domain of hDicer is known to recognize pre-miRNA substrates through interactions with their apical loop regions. Besides interacting with canonical substrates, the hDicer helicase domain has also been suggested to bind many different cellular RNAs; however, a comprehensive study of the biochemical activities and substrate specificity of the hDicer helicase domain towards different nucleic acids has yet to be undertaken. Results Here, we reveal that full-length hDicer, through its helicase domain, hydrolyzes ATP. The ATPase activity of hDicer can only be observed under low-turnover conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this activity has been reported for vertebrate Dicers. We also show that the hDicer helicase domain binds single- but not double-stranded RNAs and DNAs and that this binding activity presumably is not nucleotide-dependent. Moreover, the hDicer helicase domain may influence the structure of the RNA to which it binds. Conclusions Preservation of ATPase activity by hDicer suggests that this enzyme performs many more functions in the cell than is currently assumed. Our findings open new avenues for future studies aimed at defining the cellular activities of hDicer that may be associated with these newly described biochemical properties: ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding activities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02082-xHelicaseATPaseRNase IIIDicerRNA–protein complexes
spellingShingle Kinga Ciechanowska
Agnieszka Szczepanska
Kamil Szpotkowski
Klaudia Wojcik
Anna Urbanowicz
Anna Kurzynska-Kokorniak
The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding
BMC Biology
Helicase
ATPase
RNase III
Dicer
RNA–protein complexes
title The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding
title_full The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding
title_fullStr The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding
title_full_unstemmed The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding
title_short The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding
title_sort human dicer helicase domain is capable of atp hydrolysis and single stranded nucleic acid binding
topic Helicase
ATPase
RNase III
Dicer
RNA–protein complexes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02082-x
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