Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease killer and one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. Although TB is a curable and preventable disease, in 2023, approximately 10.8 million people fell ill with TB and there were an estimated 1.25 million of deaths worldwide. Despite some...

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Main Authors: Luana Layse Câmara de Almeida, Sayoane Pessoa Fernandes, Genil Dantas de Oliveira, Marcelly da Silveira Silva, Thalisson Amorim de Souza, Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior, Samuel Paulo Cibulski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Natural Products and Bioprospecting
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-025-00533-8
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author Luana Layse Câmara de Almeida
Sayoane Pessoa Fernandes
Genil Dantas de Oliveira
Marcelly da Silveira Silva
Thalisson Amorim de Souza
Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior
Samuel Paulo Cibulski
author_facet Luana Layse Câmara de Almeida
Sayoane Pessoa Fernandes
Genil Dantas de Oliveira
Marcelly da Silveira Silva
Thalisson Amorim de Souza
Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior
Samuel Paulo Cibulski
author_sort Luana Layse Câmara de Almeida
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease killer and one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. Although TB is a curable and preventable disease, in 2023, approximately 10.8 million people fell ill with TB and there were an estimated 1.25 million of deaths worldwide. Despite some research progress for new drug candidates, drug repurposing, and new regimens, there is still an urgent need for the new medicins to treat TB, especially due to the growing cases of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) strains. Drug resistance is a challenging obstacle to TB care and prevention globally, making TB harder and longer to treat, often with poorer outcomes for patients. The Actinomycetota encompass Gram-positive bacteria that produce a milieu of bioactive metabolites, including antibiotics, antiproliferative drugs, immunosuppressive agents, and other important medical molecules. Actinomycetota have a special place in the therapeutic arsenal to fight TB, as rifamycins, aminoglycosides, and cycloserine are derived from Streptomyces species, one of the most important genera in this phylum. Furthermore, hundreds of antimycobacterial metabolites have been isolated from Actinomycetota and can serve as effective drugs or useful agents for the discovery of new lead compounds to combat TB. The present review covers more than 171 isolated substances as potential antimycobacterial agents discovered between the years 1972 to 2024. Among the most potent compounds, with MIC in the submicromolar range, steffimycins, ilamycins/rufomycins, nosiheptide, actinomycins, lassomycin and boromycin are the most promising compounds. These compounds represent highly promising candidates for development of new antitubercular drugs. Additionally, some of these substances also demonstrated activity against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, which is particularly relevant given the difficulty of treating MDR and XDR strains. Thus, actinobacteria have played and continue to play an important role in fight TB, remaining a promising source of antibiotic metabolites. Their unique metabolic diversity enables the production of metabolites with innovative mechanisms of action, making them a strategic reservoir for discovering therapies against untreatable forms of the disease. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-751a7a054a064161a73eb4b138f4a8a32025-08-20T03:06:13ZengSpringerOpenNatural Products and Bioprospecting2192-21952192-22092025-08-0115114410.1007/s13659-025-00533-8Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooksLuana Layse Câmara de Almeida0Sayoane Pessoa Fernandes1Genil Dantas de Oliveira2Marcelly da Silveira Silva3Thalisson Amorim de Souza4Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior5Samuel Paulo Cibulski6Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB)Laboratório Multiusuário de Caracterização e Análise (LMCA), Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB)Laboratório Multiusuário de Caracterização e Análise (LMCA), Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB)Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease killer and one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. Although TB is a curable and preventable disease, in 2023, approximately 10.8 million people fell ill with TB and there were an estimated 1.25 million of deaths worldwide. Despite some research progress for new drug candidates, drug repurposing, and new regimens, there is still an urgent need for the new medicins to treat TB, especially due to the growing cases of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) strains. Drug resistance is a challenging obstacle to TB care and prevention globally, making TB harder and longer to treat, often with poorer outcomes for patients. The Actinomycetota encompass Gram-positive bacteria that produce a milieu of bioactive metabolites, including antibiotics, antiproliferative drugs, immunosuppressive agents, and other important medical molecules. Actinomycetota have a special place in the therapeutic arsenal to fight TB, as rifamycins, aminoglycosides, and cycloserine are derived from Streptomyces species, one of the most important genera in this phylum. Furthermore, hundreds of antimycobacterial metabolites have been isolated from Actinomycetota and can serve as effective drugs or useful agents for the discovery of new lead compounds to combat TB. The present review covers more than 171 isolated substances as potential antimycobacterial agents discovered between the years 1972 to 2024. Among the most potent compounds, with MIC in the submicromolar range, steffimycins, ilamycins/rufomycins, nosiheptide, actinomycins, lassomycin and boromycin are the most promising compounds. These compounds represent highly promising candidates for development of new antitubercular drugs. Additionally, some of these substances also demonstrated activity against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, which is particularly relevant given the difficulty of treating MDR and XDR strains. Thus, actinobacteria have played and continue to play an important role in fight TB, remaining a promising source of antibiotic metabolites. Their unique metabolic diversity enables the production of metabolites with innovative mechanisms of action, making them a strategic reservoir for discovering therapies against untreatable forms of the disease. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-025-00533-8Antimycobacterial activityNatural productsActinomyceteSecondary metabolitesAntibiotics
spellingShingle Luana Layse Câmara de Almeida
Sayoane Pessoa Fernandes
Genil Dantas de Oliveira
Marcelly da Silveira Silva
Thalisson Amorim de Souza
Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior
Samuel Paulo Cibulski
Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks
Natural Products and Bioprospecting
Antimycobacterial activity
Natural products
Actinomycete
Secondary metabolites
Antibiotics
title Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks
title_full Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks
title_fullStr Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks
title_short Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks
title_sort harnessing actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery historical trends current status and future outlooks
topic Antimycobacterial activity
Natural products
Actinomycete
Secondary metabolites
Antibiotics
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-025-00533-8
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