Metformin attenuates alveolar bone destruction in mice with apical periodontitis and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 through the AMPK-mTOR-NF-κB pathway

IntroductionApical periodontitis, caused by bacterial infection through the root canals, is characterized by chronic inflammation and bone resorption around the root apex. Metformin, a first-line therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has attracted attention for its potential anti-inflammato...

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Main Authors: Chunmei Ren, Kento Tazawa, Nobuyuki Kawashima, Risa Ohshima, Yamato Okada, Shihan Wang, Ziniu Yu, Peifeng Han, Yujin Ohsugi, Sayaka Katagiri, Takashi Okiji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1643676/full
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