Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016
Epidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with infl...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2460553 |
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| author | Saima Hasan Muhammad Iqbal Richard J. Webby Jennifer DeBeauchamp Hamad Bin Rashid Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad Jawad Nazir Shakera Sadiq Abdul Waheed Khan Mamoona Chaudhry |
| author_facet | Saima Hasan Muhammad Iqbal Richard J. Webby Jennifer DeBeauchamp Hamad Bin Rashid Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad Jawad Nazir Shakera Sadiq Abdul Waheed Khan Mamoona Chaudhry |
| author_sort | Saima Hasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Surveillance was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, selected as a sentinel site in Lahore District, Pakistan. Nasal/throat samples were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from enrolled patients. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to identify IAV and its subtypes (H1N1pdm09, H3N2). Data were analyzed to determine risk factors and risk markers associated with IAV infections. A total of 311 suspected ILI and SARI cases were enrolled in the study, and among these 50 were IAV-positive. Of these 50 confirmed cases of IAV, 14 were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 and 15 were H3N2; the remaining 21 were untyped. A final multivariable model identified four independent risk factors/markers for IAV infection: exposure history to ILI patients within last 7 days and gender being male were identified as risk factors of IAV infection, while use of antibiotics prior to hospital consultation and presence of fever were identified as risk markers. We concluded that adopting nonpharmaceutical interventions like hand hygiene, masks, social distancing, and where possible, avoiding identified risk factors could decrease the risk of IAV infection and may prevent imminent outbreaks of IAV in the community. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7487b2e285ee4e79b7abea2ff1ebe2ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1918-1493 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7487b2e285ee4e79b7abea2ff1ebe2ba2025-08-20T03:34:09ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology1918-14932021-01-01202110.1155/2021/2460553Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016Saima Hasan0Muhammad Iqbal1Richard J. Webby2Jennifer DeBeauchamp3Hamad Bin Rashid4Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad5Jawad Nazir6Shakera Sadiq7Abdul Waheed Khan8Mamoona Chaudhry9Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology and Public HealthWorld Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and BirdsWorld Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and BirdsDepartment of Surgery and Pet SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology and Public HealthDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Public HealthMedical Education & Community MedicineDepartment of Epidemiology and Public HealthEpidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Surveillance was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, selected as a sentinel site in Lahore District, Pakistan. Nasal/throat samples were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from enrolled patients. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to identify IAV and its subtypes (H1N1pdm09, H3N2). Data were analyzed to determine risk factors and risk markers associated with IAV infections. A total of 311 suspected ILI and SARI cases were enrolled in the study, and among these 50 were IAV-positive. Of these 50 confirmed cases of IAV, 14 were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 and 15 were H3N2; the remaining 21 were untyped. A final multivariable model identified four independent risk factors/markers for IAV infection: exposure history to ILI patients within last 7 days and gender being male were identified as risk factors of IAV infection, while use of antibiotics prior to hospital consultation and presence of fever were identified as risk markers. We concluded that adopting nonpharmaceutical interventions like hand hygiene, masks, social distancing, and where possible, avoiding identified risk factors could decrease the risk of IAV infection and may prevent imminent outbreaks of IAV in the community.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2460553 |
| spellingShingle | Saima Hasan Muhammad Iqbal Richard J. Webby Jennifer DeBeauchamp Hamad Bin Rashid Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad Jawad Nazir Shakera Sadiq Abdul Waheed Khan Mamoona Chaudhry Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| title | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
| title_full | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
| title_short | Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016 |
| title_sort | risk factors of influenza associated respiratory illnesses reported to a sentinel hospital of lahore pakistan 2015 2016 |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2460553 |
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