Association between ECG Abnormalities and Hookah and Cigarette Smoking in the MASHAD Cohort Study Subjects
Introduction: Tobacco use, including cigarette and hookah smoking, is a major public health issue due to its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cigarette and hookah smoking introduce harmful substances that lead to atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial ischemia, result...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jctm.mums.ac.ir/article_25788_fd61f9ae0717f48d4fa6cd69dedcb8ef.pdf |
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