Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites and currently has no licensed vaccines. We developed a dermotropic Leishmania major centrin gene-deleted strain (LmCen –/–) as a live attenuated vaccine. Recent studies have shown that type I interferons (IFNs) play importan...

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Main Authors: Telly Sepahpour, Jalal Alshaweesh, Nazli Azodi, Komudi Singh, Derek D. C. Ireland, Farzaneh Valanezhad, Risa Nakamura, Abhay R. Satoskar, Ranadhir Dey, Shinjiro Hamano, Hira L. Nakhasi, Sreenivas Gannavaram
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:npj Vaccines
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01032-6
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author Telly Sepahpour
Jalal Alshaweesh
Nazli Azodi
Komudi Singh
Derek D. C. Ireland
Farzaneh Valanezhad
Risa Nakamura
Abhay R. Satoskar
Ranadhir Dey
Shinjiro Hamano
Hira L. Nakhasi
Sreenivas Gannavaram
author_facet Telly Sepahpour
Jalal Alshaweesh
Nazli Azodi
Komudi Singh
Derek D. C. Ireland
Farzaneh Valanezhad
Risa Nakamura
Abhay R. Satoskar
Ranadhir Dey
Shinjiro Hamano
Hira L. Nakhasi
Sreenivas Gannavaram
author_sort Telly Sepahpour
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites and currently has no licensed vaccines. We developed a dermotropic Leishmania major centrin gene-deleted strain (LmCen –/–) as a live attenuated vaccine. Recent studies have shown that type I interferons (IFNs) play important roles in immunity to parasitic and viral pathogens. However, their relevance in protective immunity following vaccination is not understood. We found that immunization with LmCen –/– induces a transient increase in type I IFN response along with its regulatory factor IRF7 that is downregulated 7–21 days post-immunization, coincided with the induction of a robust Th1 adaptive immune response. Challenge infection with virulent L. donovani parasites showed a significant reduction of splenic and hepatic parasite burden in IRF7–/– mice than wild type mice following immunization with LmCen –/– , suggesting that ablation of type I IFN response is a pre-requisite for the induction of LmCen –/– mediated Th1 immunity against L. donovani infection.
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spelling doaj-art-71c29b8aa02f42a796fb7a06d64b28162025-08-20T01:59:48ZengNature Portfolionpj Vaccines2059-01052024-12-019111210.1038/s41541-024-01032-6Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunityTelly Sepahpour0Jalal Alshaweesh1Nazli Azodi2Komudi Singh3Derek D. C. Ireland4Farzaneh Valanezhad5Risa Nakamura6Abhay R. Satoskar7Ranadhir Dey8Shinjiro Hamano9Hira L. Nakhasi10Sreenivas Gannavaram11Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDADepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki UniversityDivision of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDANational Heart Lung Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIHOffice of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug AdministrationDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki UniversityDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Ohio State UniversityDivision of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDADepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki UniversityDivision of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDADivision of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDAAbstract Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasites and currently has no licensed vaccines. We developed a dermotropic Leishmania major centrin gene-deleted strain (LmCen –/–) as a live attenuated vaccine. Recent studies have shown that type I interferons (IFNs) play important roles in immunity to parasitic and viral pathogens. However, their relevance in protective immunity following vaccination is not understood. We found that immunization with LmCen –/– induces a transient increase in type I IFN response along with its regulatory factor IRF7 that is downregulated 7–21 days post-immunization, coincided with the induction of a robust Th1 adaptive immune response. Challenge infection with virulent L. donovani parasites showed a significant reduction of splenic and hepatic parasite burden in IRF7–/– mice than wild type mice following immunization with LmCen –/– , suggesting that ablation of type I IFN response is a pre-requisite for the induction of LmCen –/– mediated Th1 immunity against L. donovani infection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01032-6
spellingShingle Telly Sepahpour
Jalal Alshaweesh
Nazli Azodi
Komudi Singh
Derek D. C. Ireland
Farzaneh Valanezhad
Risa Nakamura
Abhay R. Satoskar
Ranadhir Dey
Shinjiro Hamano
Hira L. Nakhasi
Sreenivas Gannavaram
Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity
npj Vaccines
title Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity
title_full Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity
title_fullStr Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity
title_full_unstemmed Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity
title_short Downregulation of IRF7-mediated type-I interferon response by LmCen –/– parasites is necessary for protective immunity
title_sort downregulation of irf7 mediated type i interferon response by lmcen parasites is necessary for protective immunity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-01032-6
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