Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

Icaritin is a naturally bioactive flavonoid with several significant effects. This study aimed to clarify the metabolite profiling, pharmacokinetics, and glucuronidation of icaritin in rats. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) assay was developed and v...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Beibei Zhang, Xiaoli Chen, Rui Zhang, Fangfang Zheng, Shuzhang Du, Xiaojian Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1073607
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849414043504214016
author Beibei Zhang
Xiaoli Chen
Rui Zhang
Fangfang Zheng
Shuzhang Du
Xiaojian Zhang
author_facet Beibei Zhang
Xiaoli Chen
Rui Zhang
Fangfang Zheng
Shuzhang Du
Xiaojian Zhang
author_sort Beibei Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Icaritin is a naturally bioactive flavonoid with several significant effects. This study aimed to clarify the metabolite profiling, pharmacokinetics, and glucuronidation of icaritin in rats. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) assay was developed and validated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of icaritin. Glucuronidation rates were determined by incubating icaritin with uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid- (UDPGA-) supplemented microsomes. Kinetic parameters were derived by appropriate model fitting. A total of 30 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in rat biosamples based on retention times and characteristic fragmentations, following proposed metabolic pathway which was summarized. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics parameters were investigated after oral administration of icaritin. Moreover, icaritin glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes was efficient with CLint (the intrinsic clearance) values of 1.12 and 1.56 mL/min/mg for icaritin-3-O-glucuronide and icaritin-7-O-glucuronide, respectively. Similarly, the CLint values of icaritin-3-O-glucuronide and icaritin-7-O-glucuronide in rat intestine microsomes (RIM) were 1.45 and 0.86 mL/min/mg, respectively. Taken altogether, dehydrogenation at isopentenyl group and glycosylation and glucuronidation at the aglycone were main biotransformation process in vivo. The general tendency was that icaritin was transformed to glucuronide conjugates to be excreted from rat organism. In conclusion, these results would improve our understanding of metabolic fate of icaritin in vivo.
format Article
id doaj-art-718257a47c394f759d99570e1d616f76
institution Kabale University
issn 2090-8865
2090-8873
language English
publishDate 2017-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-718257a47c394f759d99570e1d616f762025-08-20T03:33:57ZengWileyJournal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry2090-88652090-88732017-01-01201710.1155/2017/10736071073607Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass SpectrometryBeibei Zhang0Xiaoli Chen1Rui Zhang2Fangfang Zheng3Shuzhang Du4Xiaojian Zhang5Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, ChinaIcaritin is a naturally bioactive flavonoid with several significant effects. This study aimed to clarify the metabolite profiling, pharmacokinetics, and glucuronidation of icaritin in rats. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) assay was developed and validated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of icaritin. Glucuronidation rates were determined by incubating icaritin with uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid- (UDPGA-) supplemented microsomes. Kinetic parameters were derived by appropriate model fitting. A total of 30 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in rat biosamples based on retention times and characteristic fragmentations, following proposed metabolic pathway which was summarized. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics parameters were investigated after oral administration of icaritin. Moreover, icaritin glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes was efficient with CLint (the intrinsic clearance) values of 1.12 and 1.56 mL/min/mg for icaritin-3-O-glucuronide and icaritin-7-O-glucuronide, respectively. Similarly, the CLint values of icaritin-3-O-glucuronide and icaritin-7-O-glucuronide in rat intestine microsomes (RIM) were 1.45 and 0.86 mL/min/mg, respectively. Taken altogether, dehydrogenation at isopentenyl group and glycosylation and glucuronidation at the aglycone were main biotransformation process in vivo. The general tendency was that icaritin was transformed to glucuronide conjugates to be excreted from rat organism. In conclusion, these results would improve our understanding of metabolic fate of icaritin in vivo.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1073607
spellingShingle Beibei Zhang
Xiaoli Chen
Rui Zhang
Fangfang Zheng
Shuzhang Du
Xiaojian Zhang
Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
title Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
title_full Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
title_short Metabolite Profiling, Pharmacokinetics, and In Vitro Glucuronidation of Icaritin in Rats by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
title_sort metabolite profiling pharmacokinetics and in vitro glucuronidation of icaritin in rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1073607
work_keys_str_mv AT beibeizhang metaboliteprofilingpharmacokineticsandinvitroglucuronidationoficaritininratsbyultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry
AT xiaolichen metaboliteprofilingpharmacokineticsandinvitroglucuronidationoficaritininratsbyultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry
AT ruizhang metaboliteprofilingpharmacokineticsandinvitroglucuronidationoficaritininratsbyultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry
AT fangfangzheng metaboliteprofilingpharmacokineticsandinvitroglucuronidationoficaritininratsbyultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry
AT shuzhangdu metaboliteprofilingpharmacokineticsandinvitroglucuronidationoficaritininratsbyultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry
AT xiaojianzhang metaboliteprofilingpharmacokineticsandinvitroglucuronidationoficaritininratsbyultraperformanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithmassspectrometry