Vectors, host range, and spatial distribution of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Europe: a systematic review

Abstract Background Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are mosquito-borne nematodes with dogs as primary hosts, but other mammalian species including humans can be also infected. In the last century, circulation of both pathogens was predominantly restricted to Southern Europe. However, different stu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carolin Hattendorf, Renke Lühken
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-025-01328-2
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