iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
We propose forwarding-function ( F F ) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for ti...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2014-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/213012 |
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| _version_ | 1832559144146567168 |
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| author | N. Javaid M. R. Jafri Z. A. Khan U. Qasim T. A. Alghamdi M. Ali |
| author_facet | N. Javaid M. R. Jafri Z. A. Khan U. Qasim T. A. Alghamdi M. Ali |
| author_sort | N. Javaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We propose forwarding-function ( F F ) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for time-critical applications. In order to tackle flooding, path loss, and propagation latency, we calculate optimal holding time ( H T ) and use routing metrics: localization-free signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR), signal quality index (SQI), energy cost function (ECF), and depth-dependent function (DDF). Our proposal provides on-demand routing by formulating hard threshold ( H th ), soft threshold ( S th ), and prime energy limit ( R prime ). Simulation results verify effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed iAMCTD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6f7fc8ec85754a2c9b27c1a613ede8cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj-art-6f7fc8ec85754a2c9b27c1a613ede8cc2025-02-03T01:30:41ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772014-11-011010.1155/2014/213012213012iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksN. Javaid0M. R. Jafri1Z. A. Khan2U. Qasim3T. A. Alghamdi4M. Ali5 EE Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan EE Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan Internetworking Program, FE, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3J 4R2 University of Alberta, AB, Canada, T6G 2J8 CS Department, College of CIS, Umm AlQura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25000, PakistanWe propose forwarding-function ( F F ) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for time-critical applications. In order to tackle flooding, path loss, and propagation latency, we calculate optimal holding time ( H T ) and use routing metrics: localization-free signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR), signal quality index (SQI), energy cost function (ECF), and depth-dependent function (DDF). Our proposal provides on-demand routing by formulating hard threshold ( H th ), soft threshold ( S th ), and prime energy limit ( R prime ). Simulation results verify effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed iAMCTD.https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/213012 |
| spellingShingle | N. Javaid M. R. Jafri Z. A. Khan U. Qasim T. A. Alghamdi M. Ali iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | iamctd improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold optimized dbr protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/213012 |
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