Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp
Abstract Nanoparticles have recently been recognized as promising dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study investigated the impact of the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (GNP) using Scrophularia striata on growth performance and stress-related markers including innate immune elements, anti...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-06-01
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| author | Mostafa Govahi Elahe Darvishi Mehdi Naderi Farsani Hamed Ghafarifarsani |
| author_facet | Mostafa Govahi Elahe Darvishi Mehdi Naderi Farsani Hamed Ghafarifarsani |
| author_sort | Mostafa Govahi |
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| description | Abstract Nanoparticles have recently been recognized as promising dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study investigated the impact of the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (GNP) using Scrophularia striata on growth performance and stress-related markers including innate immune elements, antioxidant capacity, and serum biochemical parameters of the common carp under crowding stress conditions. The common carp (N = 480, 15.48 ± 0.39 g) were fed four experimental diets including GNP0 (control group), GNP10 (10 mg/Kg), GNP 20 (20 mg/Kg), and GNP30 (30 mg/Kg) for 60 days. Following the feeding trial, the fish were subjected to crowding stress for 6 h. Accordingly, the Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) exhibited a significant difference in the GNP20 and GNP30 groups when compared to the control. After stress, GNP10–GNP30 diets mitigated the effects of crowding stress on serum and mucus lysozyme (LYZ), serum complement alternative pathway (ACH50), serum immunoglobulin (Ig), and mucus alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), and serum biochemical parameters except lactate. In addition, the highest antibacterial activity of green-ZnO NPs among bacteria was related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22 ± 0.2 mm). The results indicated that dietary green zinc nanoparticles, particularly at a concentration of 20 mg/kg can improve growth performance and attenuate the effects of crowding stress on the physiological responses of the common carp. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6dae6fdb5318491bb6450905cb67cdbe2025-08-20T03:26:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-03394-wGreen synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carpMostafa Govahi0Elahe Darvishi1Mehdi Naderi Farsani2Hamed Ghafarifarsani3Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern TechnologiesDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern TechnologiesInnovation Center, Faradaneh Co.Department of Animal Science, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)Abstract Nanoparticles have recently been recognized as promising dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study investigated the impact of the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (GNP) using Scrophularia striata on growth performance and stress-related markers including innate immune elements, antioxidant capacity, and serum biochemical parameters of the common carp under crowding stress conditions. The common carp (N = 480, 15.48 ± 0.39 g) were fed four experimental diets including GNP0 (control group), GNP10 (10 mg/Kg), GNP 20 (20 mg/Kg), and GNP30 (30 mg/Kg) for 60 days. Following the feeding trial, the fish were subjected to crowding stress for 6 h. Accordingly, the Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) exhibited a significant difference in the GNP20 and GNP30 groups when compared to the control. After stress, GNP10–GNP30 diets mitigated the effects of crowding stress on serum and mucus lysozyme (LYZ), serum complement alternative pathway (ACH50), serum immunoglobulin (Ig), and mucus alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), and serum biochemical parameters except lactate. In addition, the highest antibacterial activity of green-ZnO NPs among bacteria was related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22 ± 0.2 mm). The results indicated that dietary green zinc nanoparticles, particularly at a concentration of 20 mg/kg can improve growth performance and attenuate the effects of crowding stress on the physiological responses of the common carp.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03394-wZnO nanoparticleImmunityOxidative stressAntioxidant capacityCommon carp |
| spellingShingle | Mostafa Govahi Elahe Darvishi Mehdi Naderi Farsani Hamed Ghafarifarsani Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp Scientific Reports ZnO nanoparticle Immunity Oxidative stress Antioxidant capacity Common carp |
| title | Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp |
| title_full | Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp |
| title_fullStr | Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp |
| title_short | Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp |
| title_sort | green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using scrophularia striata extract attenuate crowding stress responses in common carp |
| topic | ZnO nanoparticle Immunity Oxidative stress Antioxidant capacity Common carp |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03394-w |
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