Effect of hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine caudal block on immune function after hypospadias surgery in children
Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of caudal block anesthesia with hydromorphone-ropivacaine compared to ropivacaine alone on postoperative immune function and pain management in children undergoing hypospadias surgery. Methods A total of 100 pediatric patients were randoml...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Anesthesiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-025-03053-7 |
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