The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Nursing managers’ leadership styles significantly influence their job satisfaction, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the mediating roles of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles—transformational (TF...

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Main Authors: Panpan Cui, Shuying Chang, Gang Tian, Zhen Li, Chunyan Cheng, Lu Chang, Junmei Zhang, Hongmei Zhang, Hengyu Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Nursing
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03616-6
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author Panpan Cui
Shuying Chang
Gang Tian
Zhen Li
Chunyan Cheng
Lu Chang
Junmei Zhang
Hongmei Zhang
Hengyu Hu
author_facet Panpan Cui
Shuying Chang
Gang Tian
Zhen Li
Chunyan Cheng
Lu Chang
Junmei Zhang
Hongmei Zhang
Hengyu Hu
author_sort Panpan Cui
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Nursing managers’ leadership styles significantly influence their job satisfaction, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the mediating roles of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles—transformational (TFL), transactional (TSL), and passive/avoidant (PAL)—and job satisfaction (JS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2024 with nurse managers from 20 hospitals in Henan Province, China. Of 810 contacted, 784 participated. Participants completed validated instruments, including the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Scale, Career Success Scale, and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation and serial mediation analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (version 21) and the PROCESS macro (version 3.4). Results Both TFL and TSL had direct and positive effects on JS, with psychological capital and career success serving as partial mediators. Significant sequential mediation effects were found for both styles—for example, TFL→ psychological capital → career success →JS (β = 0.112, 95% CI [0.073, 0.155]) and TSL→ psychological capital → career success →JS (β = 0.260, 95% CI [0.188, 0.339]). In contrast, PAL showed no significant direct or total indirect effect on JS, though the sequential mediation pathway via psychological capital and career success was significant (β =–0.077, 95% CI [–0.122, –0.035]). Conclusion This study demonstrates that both TFL and TSL significantly influence nurse managers’ job satisfaction, not only through direct effects but also indirectly via psychological capital and career success, including their sequential mediation. These findings highlight the critical role of leadership in enhancing psychological resources and career development. Strengthening effective leadership styles may serve as a strategic pathway to fostering a more supportive work environment and improving job satisfaction in healthcare settings.
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spelling doaj-art-6ba207e838ef4843bdc46d7ee363d87a2025-08-20T03:42:48ZengBMCBMC Nursing1472-69552025-07-0124111410.1186/s12912-025-03616-6The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional studyPanpan Cui0Shuying Chang1Gang Tian2Zhen Li3Chunyan Cheng4Lu Chang5Junmei Zhang6Hongmei Zhang7Hengyu Hu8Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalDepartment of Nursing, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalHenan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Province Hypertension Precision Prevention and Control Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Cancer Center Day Ward, Henan Provincial Kev Medicine Laboratory of Nursing, Henan Provincial People’s HospitalHematology Department, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital; Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalGeriatrics Department, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital; Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalGeriatrics Department, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital; Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalDepartment of Nursing, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalHenan Provincial Intelligent Nursing and Transformation Engineering Research Center, Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of NursingAbstract Background Nursing managers’ leadership styles significantly influence their job satisfaction, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the mediating roles of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles—transformational (TFL), transactional (TSL), and passive/avoidant (PAL)—and job satisfaction (JS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2024 with nurse managers from 20 hospitals in Henan Province, China. Of 810 contacted, 784 participated. Participants completed validated instruments, including the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Scale, Career Success Scale, and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation and serial mediation analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (version 21) and the PROCESS macro (version 3.4). Results Both TFL and TSL had direct and positive effects on JS, with psychological capital and career success serving as partial mediators. Significant sequential mediation effects were found for both styles—for example, TFL→ psychological capital → career success →JS (β = 0.112, 95% CI [0.073, 0.155]) and TSL→ psychological capital → career success →JS (β = 0.260, 95% CI [0.188, 0.339]). In contrast, PAL showed no significant direct or total indirect effect on JS, though the sequential mediation pathway via psychological capital and career success was significant (β =–0.077, 95% CI [–0.122, –0.035]). Conclusion This study demonstrates that both TFL and TSL significantly influence nurse managers’ job satisfaction, not only through direct effects but also indirectly via psychological capital and career success, including their sequential mediation. These findings highlight the critical role of leadership in enhancing psychological resources and career development. Strengthening effective leadership styles may serve as a strategic pathway to fostering a more supportive work environment and improving job satisfaction in healthcare settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03616-6Nurse managerLeadership styleJob satisfactionPsychological capitalCareer successSerial mediation
spellingShingle Panpan Cui
Shuying Chang
Gang Tian
Zhen Li
Chunyan Cheng
Lu Chang
Junmei Zhang
Hongmei Zhang
Hengyu Hu
The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study
BMC Nursing
Nurse manager
Leadership style
Job satisfaction
Psychological capital
Career success
Serial mediation
title The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study
title_full The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study
title_short The mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study
title_sort mediating effects of psychological capital and career success in the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among nurse managers a cross sectional study
topic Nurse manager
Leadership style
Job satisfaction
Psychological capital
Career success
Serial mediation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03616-6
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