Evaluation of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-2 Soluble Receptor, Nitric Oxide Metabolites, and Lipids as Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
<p>This study compared the results of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<mml:math alttext="$alpha$"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math>), interleukin-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), nitric oxide metabolites (NO<mml:math altte...
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| Format: | Article |
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| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2006-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://www.hindawi.com/GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/MI/2006/39062 |
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| Summary: | <p>This study compared the results of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<mml:math alttext="$alpha$"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math>), interleukin-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), nitric oxide metabolites (NO<mml:math alttext="$^x$"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math>), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides) between control group (nondiabetic subjects) and overweight type 2 DM subjects. To restrict the influence of variables that could interfere in the interpretation of data, subjects with obesity and/or acute or chronic inflammatory disease, haemoglobinopathies, recent use of antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, and trauma were excluded. Type 2 DM patients (<mml:math alttext="$n=39$"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>39</mml:mn> </mml:math>; age <mml:math alttext="$53.3pm 9.0$"> <mml:mn>53.3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>9.0</mml:mn> </mml:math> years; median glycated haemoglobin <mml:math alttext="$A_{1c} < 8\%$"> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>A</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>1c</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> <mml:mi>%</mml:mi> </mml:math>) presented higher levels of TNF-<mml:math alttext="$alpha$"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math>, triglycerides (<mml:math alttext="$P < .01$"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>.01</mml:mn> </mml:math>), NO<mml:math alttext="$^x$"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi/> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and sIL-2R (<mml:math alttext="$P < .05$"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>.05</mml:mn> </mml:math>) than control group (<mml:math alttext="$n=28$"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>28</mml:mn> </mml:math>; age <mml:math alttext="$39.7pm 14.1$"> <mml:mn>39.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>14.1</mml:mn> </mml:math> years). CRP, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol did not differ among groups. Diabetic women (<mml:math alttext="$n=21$"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>21</mml:mn> </mml:math>) had higher levels of TNF-<mml:math alttext="$alpha$"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math>, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol than diabetic men (<mml:math alttext="$n=18$"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>18</mml:mn> </mml:math>) (<mml:math alttext="$P < .05$"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>.05</mml:mn> </mml:math>), but there were no differences among sexes in the control group. This study indicates that increased level of proinflammatory markers occurs in type 2 DM even in the absence of obesity and marked hyperglycaemia, confirming that the inflammation course of the atherosclerotic process is more severe in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 0962-9351 |