Current state of heart failure treatment: are mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes a future therapy?

Heart failure (HF) represents the terminal stage of cardiovascular disease and remains a leading cause of mortality. Epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence and mortality rate of HF globally. Current treatment options primarily include pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. W...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chengqian Chen, Wentao Zhong, Hao Zheng, Wei Zhao, Yushi Wang, Botao Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1518036/full
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